This paper builds a framework for analyzing models with multiple time-varying treatments when selection into treatment is sequential and varies across treatment statuses. The key challenge is to separate the time-varying effect of treatment from dynamic selection into treatment based on unobservables. To address this problem, we develop a method that is a hybrid between a control function and a...

This paper presents unique evidence that orphanhood matters in the long-run for health and education outcomes, in a region of Northwestern Tanzania. We study a sample of 718 nonorphaned children surveyed in 1991-94, who were traced and reinterviewed as adults in 2004. A large proportion, 19 percent, lost one or more parents before the age of 15 in this period, allowing us to assess permanent he...

background: introduction of the rna interference (rnai) machinery has guided the researchers to discover the function of essential vital or virulence factor genes in the microorganisms such as fungi. in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, the gene sidb plays an essential role in septation, conidiation and vegetative hyphal growth. in the present study, we benefited from the rnai strate...

Including individual as a independent random effect in the latent field is implemented the same way in INLA for all case studies in house sparrow population (Gaussian, binomial and Poisson). Note that in the Gaussian case study we have repeated measurements, i.e. possible several observation for each individual random effect, while in the binomial and Poisson cases there are only one observatio...

In this paper, we propose a method for the evaluation of relative and impact external efficiency of university studies as effects of education on the long-term income of graduates. In order to evaluate the “ceteris paribus” levels and growth we applied a multilevel longitudinal model with random effects. The variables used in our analysis refer to Human Capital studies. The Bank of Italy has co...

Most studies on optimal crossover designs are based on models that assume subject effects to be fixed effects. In this article we identify and study optimal and efficient designs for a model with random subject effects. With the number of periods not exceeding the number of treatments, we find that totally balanced designs are universally optimal for treatment effects in a large subclass of com...

T paper proposes a new methodology to infer investors’ expectations about the speed of leverage adjustment implicit in the prices of credit instruments. On average, the credit markets imply a fairly rapid annual speed of adjustment of 26% toward a firm’s predicted leverage. The speed varies considerably across partitions formed by the differential implications of the pecking order, market timin...

Widely used approaches to modeling random effects and extracting random parameters in matching-critical circuits are based upon models derived under the widely accepted premise that distributed parameter devices can be modeled with lumped parameter models. In this paper, a new stochastic approach based upon a distributed parameter model is presented that offers improvement in predicting the eff...

Many health conditions, ranging from psychiatric disorders to cardiovascular disease, display notable seasonal variation in severity and onset. In order to understand the molecular processes underlying this phenomenon, we have examined seasonal variation in the transcriptome of 606 healthy individuals. We show that 74 transcripts associated with a 12-month seasonal cycle were enriched for proce...