İslâm mütekellimlerine göre mucize, peygamberlik alametidir ve birtakım özelliklere sahip olması gerekmektedir. Mu‘tezile’ye mucizenin üç temel özelliği vardır: Allah’ın fiili olması, olağanüstü nübüvvet iddiasından sonra, iddiaya uygun bir şekilde meydana gelmesidir. Onlara Kur’an-ı Kerim de belâgat fesahat açısından mucizedir. Fakat Nazzâm, “Sarfe Teorisi” ile bunu reddetmiştir. O Kur’an’ın m...

The paper is devoted to the examination of a general theoretical problem concerning understanding limits legal institution punishment. defines that from ancient times and first sources law present, punishments have been improved implementing their potential as means intimidation, manipulation, elimination harm, achieving justice many other functions, striving for systematization. study describe...

Finite-state automata offer an alternative approach in the implementation of context models where the states in the automata cannot in general be assigned by a single context. Despite the potential of this approach, it makes the design of the modelling more problematic because the exact behaviour of the model is not known. Here we propose a simple formalism—context model automata (CMA)— that gi...

A derivation step in a Graph Interpolation Grammar has the effect of scanning an input token. This feature, which aims at emulating the incrementality of the natural parser, restricts the formal power of GIGs. This contrasts with the fact that the derivation mechanism involves a context-sensitive device similar to tree adjunction in TAGs. The combined effect of input-driven derivation and restr...

In context-aware systems, one of the main challenges is how to model context uncertainty well, since perceived context always yields uncertainty and ambiguity with consequential effect on the performance of context-aware system. To handle uncertainty in context-aware systems, firstly, we should know from where uncertainty comes. In this paper, we argue that uncertainty comes from several source...

By a “tree-bank grammar” we mean a context-free grammar created by reading the production rules directly from hand-parsed sentences in a tree bank. Common wisdom has it that such grammars do not perform we& though we know of no published data on the issue. The primary purpose of this paper is to show that the common wisdom is wrong. In particular, we present results on a tree-bank grammar based...

In Europe, we observe an increasing number of people with health problems, who could theoretically receive care outside of a hospital when their condition could be properly monitored. Not being able to provide this monitoring leads to an increasing pressure on an already overcrowded hospital system and increased costs. Ubiquitous technology on top of a high-quality IT infra-structure has alread...