The ever-increasing demand for web applications deployed across multiple data centers results in large electricity costs for service providers and significant impact on the environment. This has motivated service providers to move towards more sustainable data centers powered by renewable or green sources of energy, such as solar or wind. However, efficient utilization of green energy to servic...

We present a computational modelling approach aimed at investigating the effect of fibre grid reinforcement on crack opening displacement and fatigue propagation. Grid reinforcements are modelled using elastic membrane finite elements, while cracked concrete is treated symmetric boundary element method (BEM), which in particular allows easy geometrical meshing cracks. The BEM accelerated by fas...

In recent years, advancements in electric vehicle (EV) technology and rising petrol prices have increased the demand for EVs also made them important Smart Grid (SG) economy. During high energy demand, Vehicle to (V2G) comprises a notable feature that returns stored back grid. However, due dynamic nature of availability, determining best charging discharging strategy is quite difficult. The exi...

Renewable energy demand keeps increasing each day due its significances over the conventional sources of energy, particularly in this era where world is faced with many challenges related to clean energy. Among Energy Resources (RERs), wind has proven be cheaper and readily available. However, it intermittent nature therefore affecting voltage frequency stability microgrid systems, especially o...

Charging of electric vehicles (EVs) on a large scale can cause problems for the grid. Utilizing local flexibility resources, such as smart charging, stationary battery, vehicle-to-grid applications, and generation be an efficient way to contain grid challenges mitigate need reinforcement. Focusing INSPIRIA charging station located in Norway, this paper investigates possibility coping with immin...

The recently observed increase in distributed generation based on renewable energy sources (DG/RES) in the European electricity system is most likely to continue or even increase its growth rate in the future. Distributed Generation (DG) as one core focus of this paper is mainly meant to be connected to distribution grid areas. Thus, scenarios for DG/RES development on distribution level are de...

The effect of preexisting subsurface cracks on the strength of lap splices was investigated. Ten full-scale beams with No. 11 (No. 36) bars and lap splice lengths of 33, 79, and 120 in. (838, 2007, and 3048 mm) were tested. The beams had mitigating features that prevented catastrophic failure upon propagation of the preexisting cracks, such as staggered splices and the presence of some reinforc...