To investigate the genetic population structure of the Dover sole, Solea solea L., allozyme electrophoresis was performed on 303 fish collected from seven locations ranging from Cumbria, Great Britain, to Greece. A total of 22 enzyme systems were analysed, coded by 33 loci. Of these, 27 loci were polymorphic using the P99 criterion. A phenogram using Prevosti’s Distance generated by the Wagner ...

In rapidly evolving molecules, such as animal mitochondrial DNA, mutations that delineate specific lineages may not be dispersed at sufficient rates to attain an equilibrium between genetic drift and gene flow. Here we predict conditions that lead to nonequilibrium geographic distributions of mtDNA lineages, test the robustness of these predictions and examine mtDNA data sets for consistency wi...

Comparison of the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and trait dimensions of beta diversity may uncover the mechanisms that generate and maintain biodiversity, such as geographic isolation, environmental filtering, and convergent adaptation. We developed an approach to predict the relationship between environmental and geographic distance and the dimensions of beta diversity. We tested these predictions ...

Data on the internationalisation of the productive processes of Italian firms, as measured by their outward foreign direct investments (FDI), show a remarkable territorial heterogeneity both at the NUTS2 (regions) and NUTS3 level (provinces). Differences in sectoral composition account for part of this heterogeneity, while a growing body of literature has been underlining the role played by the...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gene flow and genetic variability within and among alpine plant populations can be greatly influenced by the steep environmental gradients and heterogeneous topography of alpine landscapes. In this study, the effects are examined of natural isolation of alpine habitats on genetic diversity and geographic structure in populations of C. thyrsoides, a rare and isolated European...

Disseminated infection with organisms of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a common complication of AIDS in the United States and other developing countries, but it is rare or absent in sub-Saharan Africa. To assess the comparative likelihood of exposure to MAC in these geographic areas, we used a standard protocol to culture 91 water samples from environmental sites and piped water supp...

The beech species Fagus hayatae is an important relict tree species in subtropical China, whose biogeographical patterns may reflect floral responses to climate change in this region during the Quaternary. Previous studies have revealed phylogeography for three of the four Fagus species in China, but study on F. hayatae, the most sparsely distributed of these species, is still lacking. Here, mo...

Emergency response operations in electric distribution systems involve a host of decision-making problems at the reliability, performance monitoring and evaluation, and contingency planning levels. Those operations include fault diagnosis, fault location, fault isolation, restoration, and repair. As the first of a two-part survey, this paper reviews optimization models and solution methodologie...

Background: Geographic distance promotes phenotypic variation by facilitating environmental distance, limiting gene flow, and exposing plants to different pollen vectors. Therefore, understanding how plant morphology changes across a geographic range improves our of the drivers morphological diversification both on macro- micro-evolutionary scale.
 Questions: 1) How do location abiotic fac...

Candida krusei is well known as a fungal pathogen for patients with hematologic malignancies and for transplant recipients. Using the ARTEMIS Antifungal Surveillance Program database, we describe geographic and temporal trends in the isolation of C. krusei from clinical specimens and the in vitro susceptibilities of 3,448 isolates to voriconazole as determined by CLSI (formerly NCCLS) disk diff...