The worldwide variation in mating strategies can be explained by differential paternal investment theory, which traces the differences back to the climates where the various peoples (races) evolved. Male provisioning is necessary for women and children to survive cold winters, which is less essential for tropical women. Androstenone may be the substance that makes symmetrical men smell better t...

This paper describes a study based on exploration of relations between geographical entities. We suggested a new tool for training and evaluation required by related annotation experiments. It relates to an annotator used for semi-automatic annotation, starting with the geography manual. We define fifteen types of entities: location, geo_position, geology, landform, clime, water, dimension, per...

It is common for placenames to reference other named entities (e.g., names of people, names of organizations, etc.) and to be used as vocabulary words (e.g., city of Split). Apart from reference ambiguity, placenames are faced with the problem of referent ambiguity (i.e., a placename referring to multiple places). Many places are also referred to by multiple names (e.g., Netherlands vs. Holland...

The line of scholarship dominating Anglophone geographers’ approaches to studying economic geography since 1980 can be characterized as geographical political economy; an approach prioritizing commodity production over market exchange. Here the spatialities of capitalism co-evolve with its economic processes and economic, political, cultural and biophysical processes are co-implicated with one ...

Data modeling is defined as the process of discretizing spatial variation, but is often confused with issues of data structure, and driven by available software rather than by a concern for accurate representation. We review the alternative data models commonly available in spatial databases, and assess them from the perspective of accurate representation of geographical reality. Extensions are...

For at least a century, and perhaps much longer, autopsy pathology has been a fitting introduction to the study of clinical medicine, and in like manner one might now say that social pathology becomes a fitting introduction to the study of social medicine and the whole list of disciplines it may include. Similarly geographical pathology may become a fitting introduction to the study of world me...

Energy expenditure has become a significant fraction of data center operating costs. Recently, “geographical load balancing” has been suggested as an approach for taking advantage of the geographical diversity of Internet-scale distributed systems in order to reduce energy expenditures by exploiting the electricity price differences across regions. However, the fact that such designs reduce ene...