The term /apricot/ is associated with the fleshy part of the fruit in Chinese and European languages, such as English and German, whereas in Chinese /almond/ and /ginkgo/ are associated with a kernel removed from a hard shell and classified as nut-like. Historically, the modern Chinese for ginkgo, commonly translated as silver apricot replacing the older name meaning duck foot, has appeared onl...

There appears to be an absence of large-scaled clinical trials that have examined the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract on the neuropsychological functioning of cognitively intact older adults. The importance of such clinical research appears paramount in light of the plethora of products containing Ginkgo biloba that are currently being widely marketed to predominantly cognitively intact adult...

The influence of biologically active compounds on the functional state central nervous system and emotional component in rats can be evaluated by using behavioral methods, which are based studying exploratory behavior animals an environment new to them. One such method is study animal elevated cross-shaped maze with open closed arms Porsolt "despair" test. aim our was investigate offspring trea...

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the world. It is often administered in combination with statins to treat diseases, especially some nervous system disorders. We aimed to investigate the influences of GBE on pharmacokinetics and efficacy of atorvastatin, which are currently unclear. Sixteen volunteers received a single oral dose of 40 mg atorvastatin...

Fossil leaves assigned to the genus Ginkgo are increasingly being used to reconstruct Mesozoic and Tertiary environments based on their stomatal and carbon isotopic characteristics. We sought to provide a more secure basis for understanding variations seen in the plant fossil record by determining the natural variability of these properties of sun and shade leaf morphotypes of Ginkgo biloba tre...

Ginkgo biloba extract activates pregnane X receptor (PXR), but how this occurs is not known. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of PXR activation by the extract and the role of five individual terpene trilactones in the activation. In a cell-based reporter gene assay, G. biloba extract activated human PXR (hPXR), and at a concentration present in the extract, ginkgolide A, but not ginkgol...

Ginkgo leaves are raw materials for flavonoid extraction. Thus, the timing of their harvest is important to optimize the extraction efficiency, which benefits the pharmaceutical industry. In this research, we compared the transcriptomes of Ginkgo leaves harvested at midday and midnight. The differentially expressed genes with the highest probabilities in each step of flavonoid biosynthesis were...

A method for identification and quantitative determination of ginkgolides A, B, and C and bilobalide in liquid and dry extracts of Ginkgo biloba extracts has been developed. Determinations made by employing capillary gas chromatography technique with FID detection were preceded by derivatization using BSTFA with TMCS addition at 120 degrees C. Cholesterol was used as an internal standard. Valid...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to collect preliminary information on the possible efficacy and tolerability of EGb 761 standardized plant extract of Ginkgo biloba as a treatment of dyslexia in school-aged children. METHODS Fifteen children (5-16 year old) with dyslexia participated in an open-label trial of EGb 761 given as a single morning dose of 80 mg. Standardized tests for dysl...

The WD40 transcription factor family is a superfamily found in eukaryotes and implicated regulating growth development. In this study, 167 genes are identified the Ginkgo biloba genome. They divided into 5 clusters 16 subfamilies based on difference analysis of phylogenetic tree domain structures. distribution chromosomes, gene structures, motifs analyzed. Promoter shows that five GbWD40 promot...