In the past 6 years, the global area of commercially grown, genetically modified (GM) crops has increased more than 30-fold to over 52 million hectares. The number of countries involved has more than doubled. Especially in developing countries, the GM crop area is anticipated to increase rapidly in the coming years. Despite this high adoption rate and future promises, there is a multitude of co...

Global food demand is growing rapidly. Livestock grazing can provide a valuable source of protein, but conventional grazing is often unsustainable. We studied an 800,000-ha section of a threatened ecoregion in southeastern Australia. Conventional management in the region involves continuous livestock grazing with few rest periods and regular fertilizer application. By using remotely sensed data...

Most angiosperms — and all major crops — are unable to withstand high concentrations of sodium chloride. Soils containing concentrations of salt amounting to a few hundred millimolar occur naturally, of course, and saline land is estimated to represent between 2.3 and 6.4% of global land surface [1]. As much as 13% of cultivated land is thought to be salt-affected. In some instances, however, a...

and fungi, are vital to the function of all ecosystems. This is largely because they exist in enormous numbers (there are roughly 5 × 10 bacteria alone worldwide) and so have immense cumulative mass and activity. They are also probably more diverse than any other organisms, so it is easy to see why the structure of microbial communities, that is, the different kinds of organisms and their abund...

Abstract The 6.1 Richter Scale earthquake on February 25, 2022 in Pasaman district and West caused landslides around Mount Talamau with an avalanche outcrop of 1,200 hectares, resulting debris flow a number tributaries rivers Bt. Nango, Lampang, Timbo Abu, Tobi, Sopan, Muaro Tayo subdistrict, the Haluan, Tampa, Bt, Malampah, Kilangan Malampah district. potential for can still occur when rainfal...

This book can be read at two levels: First, it is an empirical analysis of the region in the Philippines where most of the recent industrial investments and employment creation have taken place. This region is the province of Cavite located south of metropolitan Manila. The focus of the Cavite Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) is the coastal town of Rosario, which covers an area of 275 hectares. A ...

The characteristic features of Japanese agriculture are rice production and its highly mechanized small scale farming system due to the limited land space. Agricultural production system in mechanization has been currently changed from mass production system to flexible manufacturing system, which became already much popular in industrial production one. This can be explained that the target cr...

Critics of the market-based, ecosystem services approach to biodiversity conservation worry that volatile market conditions and technological substitutes will diminish the value of ecosystem services and obviate the "economic benefits" arguments for conservation. To explore the effects of market forces and substitutes on service values, we assessed how the value of the pest-control services pro...

In the northern part of Kazakhstan, zero-tillage2 technology has the potential to increase wheat/grain productivity by 20 to 50 percent above current levels. However, phasing out conventional tillage can only be gradual, as full conversion to zero-tillage will require important investments and farm organizational changes. Actual current area under conservation agriculture (CA) appears to be inc...

The many opportunities for mitigating atmospheric carbon emissions in developing countries include reforesting degraded lands, implementing sustainable agricultural practices on existing lands and slowing tropical deforestation. This analysis shows that over the next 10 years, 48 major tropical and subtropical developing countries have the potential to reduce the atmospheric carbon burden by ab...