Atherosclerosis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Retention of atherogenic lipoproteins by vascular proteoglycans is thought to play a key role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. High glucose levels cause a variety of diabetic complications by several mechanisms, including upregulation of the hexosamine pathway. G...

Glucosamine supplementation is a commonly administered therapy in horses and dogs, but has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in humans and guinea pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of glucosamine on equine and canine platelet aggregation. Platelet-rich plasma, created from blood from eight healthy horses and eight healthy dogs, was incubated for 5 minutes...

BACKGROUND We assessed whether local anaesthetics caused inhibition of proteoglycan metabolism in human articular cartilage and whether the addition of Glucosamine sulphate could prevent or allow recovery from this adverse effect on articular cartilage metabolism. METHODS Cartilage explants obtained from 13 femoral heads from fracture neck of femur patients (average age 80 years, 10 female) w...

Glucosamine/glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase or GlmA catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the primary amino group of glucosamine. The enzyme from Clostridium acetobutylicum is thought to be involved in cell wall rescue. In addition to glucosamine, GlmA has been shown to function on di- and trisaccharides of glucosamine as well. Here we present a structural and kinetic a...

The biopolymer is characterized as either chitin or chitosan according to the degree of deacetylation (DD) which is determined by the proportion of D-glucosamine and N-acetylD-glucosamine. Structurally, chitosan is a straight-chain copolymer composed of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine being obtained by the partial deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan is the most abundant basic biopolymer ...

two deoxyglucose (dg) derivatives, (α,β)-2-deoxy-2-amino(ethylcarbamate)-d-glucose (ecb-dg) and (α,β)-2-deoxy-2-amino(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-d-glucose (dhp-dg), were synthesized and radiolabeled successfully with [99mtc(h2o)3(co)3]+ complex. [99mtc]-ecb-dg and [99mtc]-dhp-dg complexes were prepared (96% and 93% radiochemical purities respectively) by using 46 mci of na99mtco4 in 1 ml saline. radi...

The wastes generated by the shrimp industry are approximately between 50 and 60% of catch volume. These residues such as head, viscera, shell potential pollutants if they not treated for proper disposal. One way to solve this problem is use functional food ingredients. In regard, rich in chitin, second most abundant biopolymer on planet after cellulose. Chitin composed N-acetyl glucosamine, a m...

background :   chitosan is unbranched polysaccharide composed of d-glucosamine and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. chitosan, derived from shrimp shell, has broad antimicrobial properties against gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and fungi.   methods :  chitosan was extracted from shrimp shell and studied for cell entrapment and anti-bacterial properties. the hydrogel chitosan was used as the beads ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of glucosamine on matrix metalloprotease (MMP) production, on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and on activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factor activation in human chondrocytes. The human immortalized cell line lbpva55 and healthy human chondrocytes (obtained from healthy donors) were subjected to challenge with 10 n...