Glycogen availability can influence glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in skeletal muscle through unknown mechanisms. The multisubstrate enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has also been shown to play an important role in the regulation of GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle. During contraction, AMPK alpha2 translocates to the nucleus and the activity of this AMPK isoform is enhanc...

We have investigated the role of protein kinase B (Akt) in the insulin-stimulated translocation of vesicles containing the insulin-responsive isoform of glucose transporter (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane of adipocytes. Previous reports have suggested that protein kinase B can bind to intracellular GLUT4 vesicles in an insulin-dependent manner, but the functional consequence of this translocatio...

Existing data support the hypothesis that insulin triggers the exocytosis of small vesicles containing the GluT4 isoform of the glucose transporter. The data also suggest that these vesicles reform through endocytosis of GluT4. These processes resemble those described for synaptic vesicles after depolarization of nerve cells. To determine whether GluT4 vesicles are related to synaptic vesicles,...

Insulin-stimulated delivery of glucose transporters (GLUT4, also known as SLC2A4) from specialized intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) to the surface of fat and muscle cells is central to whole-body glucose regulation. This translocation and subsequent internalization of GLUT4 back into intracellular stores transits through numerous small membrane-bound compartments (internal GLUT4-cont...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose in target tissues by triggering the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. Resistance to insulin, the major abnormality in type 2 diabetes, results in a decreased GLUT4 translocation efficiency. Thus, special attention is being paid to search for compounds that are able to enhance this translocati...

In response to insulin, glucose transporter GLUT4 translocates from intracellular compartments towards the plasma membrane where it enhances cellular glucose uptake. Here, we show that sera from various species contain a factor that dose-dependently induces GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, human adipocytes, myoblasts and myotubes. Notably, the effect of this factor o...

Glucose incorporation is regulated mainly by GLUT4 in skeletal muscles. Here we report that treatment of L6 myotubes with scriptide, a hydroxamic acid-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake. The effect appeared only after 24 hr, resulting in 2.4-fold glucose uptake at treatment day 6. Scriptide acted synergistically with insulin, indicating it stimulated a ...

Background: Breast carcinoma (BC) is the most commonly occurring cancer. Nearly 15–20% of breast carcinomas are HER2 overexpressing subtype. Patients with this subtype have a poor prognosis fewer therapeutic options. Increased glucose transporters expression crucial for enhancing uptake observed in several tumors. Overexpression IL-8 has been found neoplastic epithelial cells various malignanci...

objective: adipocyte and skeletal muscle are important tissues which contribute the development and progression of metabolic disorder. insulin has a major regulatory function on glucose metabolism in these tissues by redistributing glucose transporter (glut4) from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. today, due to the side effects of chemical medications attendance to herbal medicines is...