Protection of mitochondrial proteins from glycation by endogenous dicarbonyl compounds, methylglyoxal and glyoxal, was found recently to prevent increased formation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative and nitrosative damage to the proteome during aging and produce life extension in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This suggests that dicarbonyl glycation damage to the mitochondrial prot...

The authors have previously noted the moder ate antileukemic effects of a-ketoaldehydes (2) and the considerably more potent antileukemic effects of glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (1). These com pounds and closely related drugs were also studied as inhibitors of Adenocarcinoma 755. Preliminary investigation indicated that hydroxymethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydra...

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are among the most promising next generation battery technologies. First prototype cells show higher specific energies than conventional Li-ion (LIBs) and active material is cost-effective ubiquitously abundant. However, Li-S still suffer from several limitations, mainly cycle life, inflation of cells, also lack a component production value chain. As this system ...

Non-enzymatic posttranslational modifications of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by oxo-compounds, particularly glucose, ribose, glyoxal and glutardialdehyde, have been investigated using a set of modern chromatographic and electrophoretic separation methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) alternatively with UV spectrophotometric (diode array) or mass spectrometric (MS) detection, pol...

We hypothesized that reactive carbonyls generated from smoke exposure cause increased arterial low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation and endothelial layer permeability. In addition, we hypothesized that estrogen supplementation was protective against chronic environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure to the artery wall. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy was used to determine artery inju...

The reactive dicarbonyls, glyoxal and methylglyoxal (MG), increase in diabetes and may participate in the development of diabetic complications. Glyoxal and MG are detoxified by the sequential activities of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and glyoxalase 2. To determine the contribution of these dicarbonyls to the etiology of complications, we have genetically manipulated GLO1 levels in apolipoprotein E-nul...

Charge factors and reactive carbonyl solutes may change peritoneal structure and the transport properties of peritoneum. The aim of the present study to analyze the influence of polycationic protamine and glucose degradation products on the diffusive permeability (P) of peritoneal membrane for urea in vitro. Values for diffusion from the interstitial (1) to the mesothelial (M) side of the membr...