Hopkins statistic [@hopkins1954new] can be used to test for spatial randomness of data and detecting clusters in data. Although the method is nearly 70 years old, there persistent confusion regarding definition calculation statistic. We investigate its possible origin. Using most general statistic, we perform a small simulation verify distributional properties, provide visualization how calcula...

Davis presented the order crossover operator for solving the travelling salesman problem (TSP) using genetic algorithm and has described two basic variants of this order crossover operator. In order to improve the efficiency and validity of these variants, in this paper three new variations of the order crossover operator are presented. These are programmed in C++ and implemented on a set of be...

Until the Uruguay Round Agreement (URAA) domestic support received less attention and it was URAA explicitly addressed the trade distortions arising out of domestic support policies in agriculture. The theories on trade distortions however claim the supremacy of border measures in distorting trade. A number of empirical studies also hold the same line of view. There are a number of reasons for ...

CMOS is furthermore the most widespread technology for digital designs as no feasible alternative is in sight to date and in the near future. The fundamental causes for this supremacy so far are the capability for miniaturization as well as the reliability and robustness of CMOS. Against the background of nanotechnology though, reliability concerns are arising with an alarming pace. The consequ...

Abstract— This article presents a computationally efficient method to estimate two dimensional in place rotation. This method is based on the estimation of weighted linear regression lines of the reference and the sense image pair. Angle between these two regression lines can identify the rotational angle between the reference and sense images. This fully unsupervised technique offers convincin...