Hypertension-induced renal damage is mediated by increased glomerular pressure and flow. These alterations have been evaluated by the renal response to protein or amino acids. To test this assumption, we studied glomerular hemodynamic responses to glycine infusion in rats with reduced renal mass, with and without Goldblatt hypertension. The left kidney was ablated by two thirds in 12 rats, and ...

Hypertension is a multi-gene and multi-factorial disorder affecting about 25% of the population. Hypertensive subjects are more likely to develop other cardiovascular diseases such as peripheral vascular disease, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure and cerebrovascular disease. To demonstrate potential therapeutic effects of somatic gene delivery in treating hypertension, we deliver...

Studies were performed on the cremaster skeletal muscle in rats to investigate the microvascular changes that are associated with established one-kidney, one clip (1K1C) and two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) Goldblatt hypertension and with deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertension. Rats were anesthetized with urethane and chloralose; and cremaster muscles with intact circulation and innervation wer...

One hundred years have passed since the first discovery of renin as a “pressor substance” in 1898 by Robert Tiegerstedt at Karolinska Institute. Since then, we have undergone long and difficult but highly productive years of renin-angiotensin research. This work was an important breakthrough in the context of the new concept of the endocrine mechanism “milieu interior” initiated by Claude Berna...

T HE PRESENT paper is a report on experimental procedures designed to determine whether hypertensin is the vasoconstrictor substance responsible for the elevation of blood pressure in. dogs with benign experimental renal hypertension. Previous work' has shown that a pressor material similar in all general respects to hypertensin can be dialyzed out of the circulating blood of dogs by the use of...

Graded modal logic (GML) was originally presented by Kit Fine (1972) to make the modal analogue to counting quantifiers explicit. A graded modal formula ♦k is true at a state w in a Kripke model if there are at least k successor states of w where φ is true. One open problem in GML is to show a Goldblatt-Thomason theorem for it. See M. De Rijke’s notes (2000). Recently, Katsuhiko Sano and Minghu...

Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A and CYP4F subfamilies to 20- hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE), which plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. In the current work, we reviewed the formation of 20-HETE in different species by different CYPs; 20-HETE metabolism by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and different isomerases; and the current ava...

In spite of the well-known contribution of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the pathogenesis of Goldblatt two-kidney one clip (G2K1C) hypertension, the importance of other Ang peptides, such as Ang III, Ang IV or Ang 2-10, is scarcely understood. The functional status of these peptides depends on the action of several aminopeptidases called angiotensinases. The metabolism of Ang III to Ang IV by amin...

The hypothesis that changes in neurotransmission within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are important to maintain the high blood pressure (BP) was tested in Goldblatt one kidney-one clip hypertension model (1K-1C). Male Wistar rats were anesthetized (urethane 1.2 g/kg, i.v.), and the effects of bilateral microinjections into the RVLM of the following drugs were measured in 1K-1C or con...