Dopamine regulates reproduction in part by modulating neuronal activity within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Previous studies suggested numerous mechanisms by which dopamine exerts inhibitory control over the HPG axis, ultimately changing the levels of sex steroids that regulate reproductive behaviors. However, it is not known whether these mechanisms are conserved across verte...

Chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration is used where suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity is beneficial, such as steroid-dependent cancers, early onset gender dysphoria, central precocious puberty and as a reversible contraceptive in veterinary medicine. GnRH receptors, however, are expressed outside the reproductive axis, e.g. brain areas s...

Background: Chronic posttraumatic brain injury (TBI) pituitary dysfunction is not a novel concept; nonetheless, it has become increasingly common as result of increased exposure to its causes, namely traffic accidents, sports-related injuries, falls, and injuries sustained during conflicts. The goal this study was identify patterns following severe traumatic injury. Methodology: A cross‑section...

In addition to its role in causing Müllerian duct regression, Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is implicated in the regulation of steroidogenesis, breast and prostate growth, and ovarian follicle recruitment, all of which are processes controlled or influenced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Whereas the direct effect of MIS on gonadal, prostate, and breast cells is under investi...