In [9], various observations on the handling of (physical) units in OpenMath were made. In this paper, we update those observations, and make some comments based on a working unit converter [21] that, because of its OpenMath-based design, is modular, extensible and reflective. We also note that some of the issues in an effective converter, such as the rules governing abbreviations, being more l...

Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding regulatory DNA: understanding the rules governing such binding is an essential step in describing the network of regulatory interactions, and its pathological alterations. This package implements a method that represents an alternative to classical single site analysis by summing all the single subsequence affinity contributions of a who...

Eukaryotes produce various types of small RNAs of 19-28 nt in length. With rapidly increasing numbers of small RNAs listed in recent years, we have come to realize how widespread their functions are and how diverse the biogenesis pathways have evolved. At the same time, we are beginning to grasp the common features and rules governing the key steps in small RNA pathways. In this review, I will ...

At its most basic, organizational structure is the configuration of the hierarchical levels and specialized units and positions within an organization, and the formal rules governing these arrangements (Rainey, 1997, p. 170). Other writers on organizations argue that performance evaluation and reward systems are additional key elements of organizational structure and must be designed carefully ...

Developing an error-free spreadsheet has been a problem since the beginning of end-user computing. In this paper, we present a methodology that separates the modeling from the implementation. Using proven techniques from Information Systems and Software Engineering, we develop strict, but simple, rules governing the implementation from the model. The resulting spreadsheet should be easier to un...

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Application of high-strength steels in the maritime and offshore industry is currently limited by rules governing ratio yield to tensile strength (the Y/T ratio). To better understand physical basis for these rules, nature extent plastic stress/strain field vicinity a stress concentration (a circular hole) structure made from steel are analyzed. This done through analytical models plasticity ho...

in the previous article written by the author of this paper we saw that economic principles governing  legislation policy in the field of copyright make legislator enact efficient laws and regulations on copyright and prevent him to enact contrary regulations in the same fields. the previous article considered three economic principles and now this article tries to examine two economic principl...