Over the last two and half decades, strong evidence showed that the terrestrial ecosystems are acting as a net sink for atmospheric carbon. However the spatial and temporal patterns of variation in the sink are not well known. In this study, we examined latitudinal patterns of interannual variability (IAV) in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 based on 163 site-years of eddy covariance data, f...

Few studies have evaluated land surface models for African ecosystems. Here we evaluate the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) process-based model for the interannual variability (IAV) of the fraction of absorbed active radiation, the gross primary productivity (GPP), soil moisture, and evapotranspiration (ET). Two ORCHIDEE versions are tested, which differ by thei...

Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. Combined, the array of tests performed on a single specimen can increase the turnaround time (TAT) ...

Background In bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients with protrusion and/or torsion of the premaxillae, it is difficult to achieve a good outcome. We have developed a series of procedures of premaxillary osteotomy with primary cheiloplasty for BCLP patients who did not respond well to presurgical orthodontics (PSO). Methods A total of 27 BCLP patients with protrusion and/or torsion of...

Declining net primary production (NPP) with forest age is often attributed to a corresponding decline in gross primary production (GPP). We tested two hypotheses explaining the decline of GPP in ageing stands (14-115 years old) of Pinus taeda L.: (1) increasing N limitation limits photosynthetic capacity and thus decreases GPP with increasing age; and (2) hydraulic limitations increasingly indu...

1. The single station diel oxygen curve method was used to determine the response of system metabolism to backfilling of a flood control canal and restoration of flow through the historic river channel of the Kissimmee River, a sub-tropical, low gradient, blackwater river in central Florida, U.S.A. Gross primary productivity (GPP), community respiration (CR), the ratio of GPP/CR (P/R) and net d...

We used the oxygen method (dark and light bottles) to study photic-layer-integrated microbial metabolism along a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic Ocean (50° S to 50° N) during May and October 1997. The temperate region was more productive than the other oceanic environments, showing a net autotrophic balance (gross primary production/total respiration, GPP/R = 1.41 ± 0.34; mean ± SE). The G...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the progression of bone mass loss in chronic hemodialysis patients (CHPs) with that in general population patients (GPPs) over an 18-month period. METHODS The control group consisted of 60 patients (aged 57.5 ± 10.9 years) with a glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The study group included 80 patients undergoing hemodialysis (...

The utilization of remotely sensed observations for light use efficiency (LUE) and tower-based gross primary production (GPP) estimates was studied in a USDA cornfield. Nadir hyperspectral reflectance measurements were acquired at canopy level during a collaborative field campaign conducted in four growing seasons. The Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and solar induced chlorophyll fluoresc...

Spatio-temporal mismatches between Remote Sensing (RS) and Eddy Covariance (EC) data as well as spatial heterogeneity jeopardize terrestrial Gross Primary Production (GPP) modeling. This article combines: (a) high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery; (b) EC footprint climatology estimates; and (c) semi-empirical models of increasing complexity to analyze the impact of these factors on GPP ...