a module m is called epi-retractable if every submodule of m is a homomorphic image of m. dually, a module m is called co-epi-retractable if it contains a copy of each of its factor modules. in special case, a ring r is called co-pli (resp. co-pri) if rr (resp. rr) is co-epi-retractable. it is proved that if r is a left principal right duo ring, then every left ideal of r is an epi-retractable ...

If one wants to investigate the properties and relations of homogeneous ideals in a commutative graded ring, one has as a model on the one hand the well known case of a polynomial ring and on the other hand the general commutative ideal theory. The case of a polynomial ring has been studied for the sake of algebraic geometry, and one of the methods was traditionally the passage to nonhomogeneou...

This paper deals with local buckling analysis of rectangular functionally graded material plates using finite strip method and based on classical plate theory. The modulus of elasticity of the plate is assumed to vary according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The principle of minimum total potential energy is employed to obtain stiffness and sta...

In this research, thermal buckling of thin rectangular plate made of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) with linear varying thickness is considered. Material properties are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The supporting condition of all edges of such a plate is simply supported. ...

In this contribution, we will recall graded fuzzy rules introduced in [6] and explain the difference from the classical fuzzy rules. Moreover, properties of formulae, which are used to formalize the graded fuzzy rules, will be analyzed.

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let M be a torsion free R-module. Several characterizations of distributive modules are investigated. Indeed, among other equivalent conditions, we prove that M is distributive if and only if any primal submodule of M is irreducible, and, if and only if each submodule of M can be represented as an intersection of irreducible isolated components. MSC...