Grain yield in many cereal crops is largely determined by grain size. Here we report the genetic and molecular characterization of GS3, a major quantitative trait locus for grain size. It functions as a negative regulator of grain size and organ size. The wild-type isoform is composed of four putative domains: a plant-specific organ size regulation (OSR) domain in the N terminus, a transmembran...

Grain boundaries and their networks have a profound influence on the functional and structural properties of every class of polycrystalline materials and play a critical role in structural evolution and phase transformations. Recent experimental advances enable a full crystallographic characterization, including the boundary misorientation and inclination parameters, of grain boundaries. Despit...

We perform atomistic Monte Carlo simulations of bending a Lennard-Jones single crystal in two dimensions. Dislocations nucleate only at the free surface as there are no sources in the interior of the sample. When dislocations reach sufficient density, they spontaneously coalesce to nucleate grain boundaries, and the resulting microstructure depends strongly on the initial crystal orientation of...

The effect of the microstructure on the wear modes in structural ceramic materials was studied in two SIC and three A120s materials. In each class of materials, it was observed that the predominant damage mode is determined by the microstructure of the material. The materials with weak grain boundaries were found to wear primarily by grain pluckout and so showed more wear than did (the one, cr-...

Based on the analysis of Poisson equation, an analytical threshold voltage model including quantum size effect of nc-TFTs (nanocrystalline silicon thin film transistor) has been proposed in this paper. The results demonstrate that the proposed simplified expression of threshold voltage agree perfectly with numerical calculation. The threshold voltage in nc-TFTs strongly depends on the size of s...

Before selecting genotypes for nutritional quality characters (protein, oil and micronutrients content) and anti-nutritional factor (phytic acid), it is important to know how much selection is likely to affect yield. Using a diverse range of genotypes, relationships between quality traits with yield and yield attributes in pearl millet were investigated. The number of productive tillers, panicl...

The expansion of dryeration may impose a further problem for insect control with protectants – the high grain temperatures during insecticide spraying. To assess the impact of this procedure on insecticide activity, maize grains at different temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C) were sprayed with pirimiphos-methyl. Residue analyses were carried out every 30 days and insecticide biological act...

Grain boundary structure and grain boundary segregation in stoichiometric and Ni-rich compositions of NiAl are studied by molecular statics and grand-canonical Monte-Carlo simulations in conjunction with an embedded-atom potential. Significant Ni segregation is found at the R = 3(1 1 1) and R = 3(2 1 1) grain boundaries, with segregation isotherms showing a saturation effect. The amount of Ni s...

according to urgent need of corn to nitrogen and since this element play a main role in improving of yield corn, thus, in order to investigate the effect of different levels of urea on yield and yield components of corn 704, an experiment was conducted randomized block with three replications in cropping year of 2012. experimental treatments included six levels of urea (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 1...

in order to evaluation the effect of mixed cropping on yield and agronomical characteristics of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties, a field experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at city of mahvelat in khorasan razavi province, iran, during growing season of 2007-2008. treatments including five sole cultures of conventional wheat cultiv...