In this study, we use the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine welfare and growth effects of expanding grain-based fuel ethanol production in China. The results show that reasonable development of grain-based fuel ethanol will accelerate China’s economy, improve rural household income, and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. However, expanding the production of grain-...

The superplastic behavior of fine-grained metals is well described by the deformation model in which grain boundary sliding (GBS) is accommodated by slip. This slip accommodation process involves the sequential steps of glide and climb, with climb assumed to be the ratecontrolling process. The climb distance during GBS is often considered to be on the order of grain size in the conventional the...

A theoretical model is proposed to explain the degree of texture achieved in high-Tc superconductors during melt-processing under an elevated magnetic field. The degree of grain alignment is quantified through a factor F which is defined as ranging from 0 (random alignment) to 1 (completely oriented). Intermediate values of F clearly characterize intermediate states of alignment in which there ...

A dynamic model is presented of a household’s joint production, storage, and trade decisions under price risk, region-wide and idiosyncratic yield risk, and explicit transaction costs. Balancing the goals of profit maximization and hedging against consumption price risk, grain management decisions are nonlinear, interdependent functions of the market price and household grain availability and f...

In fine–grain multithreading, the thread changes in each processor cycle, consecutive instructions are thus issued from different threads, and no data dependencies stall the pipeline. Enhanced fine–grain multithreading maintains a number of additional threads which are used to replace an active thread when it initiates a long–latency operation. Performance improvements due to enhanced multithre...

The paper deals with a numerical modelling of equiaxed microstructure formation during the solidification of two-component alloys. The basic enthalpy formulation was applied to model the solidification. The equiaxed grain size was dependent on the average cooling velocity at the moment when the liquid metal reaches the liquidus temperature. The experimentally determined dependence between grain...

We present preliminary results of a theoretical investigation of the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline GaN films. It is assumed that grain boundaries play a major role in limiting the thermal conductivity, which is calculated using the phononhopping transport approach. The effect of the grain size, size dispersion, and inter-grain interface structure on the thermal conductivity values is ...

Remote sensing of snowpack temperatures from satellites requires knowledge of the spectral emissivity of snow. A model for spectral emissivity is combined with the Planck function to calculate bffghtness temperature of snow in thermal infrared wavelengths for a range of grain sizes and viewing angles. Emissivity variations caused by density, grain shape, liquid water, and grain size are apparen...

In the microcrystalline regime, the electrical (impedance/dielectric) behavior of grain boundarycontrolled electroceramics is well described by the “brick-layer model” (BLM). In the nanocrystalline regime, however, grain boundary layers can represent a significant volume fraction of the overall microstructure. Simple boundary-layer models no longer adequately describe the electrical properties ...