this study aimed to identify the portions of teaching materials for english classes in iran’s high schools. the efficiency of these materials was evaluated by (a) eliciting the teachers’ perception of the materials to identify their distribution portions and (b) studying the teachers’ satisfaction to identify whether the materials were successful to develop the efl teachers’ knowledge and skill...

In many knowledge intensive applications, there is a critical need to populate knowledge bases rapidly and to keep them up to date. Since the World Wide Web is a large source of information that continuously is being updated, a solution is to automatically acquire knowledge from text, which requires language understanding in a smaller or grater degree. The need for “rapid” text-to-knowledge acq...

1 Efficient natural language generation has been successfully demonstrated using highly compiled knowledge about speech acts and their related social actions. A design and prototype implementation of a parser which utilizes this same pragmatic knowledge to efficiently guide parsing is presented. Such guidance is shown to prune the search space and thus avoid needless processing of pragmatically...

Grammatical accuracy is a justifiable goal in language teaching classrooms. But misconceptions about grammar can hinder this goal. The main misconception that native speakers make errors when using their own language. They do not. idea mistakes languages detrimental to foreign classrooms because teachers attempt find answers questions, they encounter conflicting information and are sometimes no...

This paper demonstrates some aspects of a plan processor which is a subcomponent of the dialogue module of verb-mobil. We describe how we transfer results from the research area of grammar extraction for the semi-automatic acquisition of plan operators for turn classes. We exploit statistical knowledge acquired during learning the grammar and incorporate top down predictions to enhance the corr...

The way we represent intentions, behaviors, and the spatial context, is crucial for any approach to mobile intention recognition. Formal grammars are cognitively comprehensible and make expressiveness properties explicit. By adding spatial domain knowledge to a grammar we can reduce parsing ambiguities. We argue that there are a number of mobile intention recognition problems which require the ...

In many parts of the world, learners English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or Second (ESL) often face language difficulties and challenges in their performance learning. These errors have multiple forms causes, covering various skills aspects. This study focuses on types grammatical made by Foundation Programme students at university Oman. The specifically examined areas that appeared difficult f...

We will present a new model of grammar documentation which exploits the potentialities of an hypertextual representation of lingware. As we will show this model insures the following benefits: • Constant coherence between the documentation and the various pieces of linguistic information. • Valuable organization of the linguistic knowledge, in order to increase the productivity of the grammar w...

This study was an attempt to explore the beliefs of Iranian EFL teachers about the role of grammar in English language teaching in both state schools and private language institutes. Data were collected through a questionnaire developed by Burgess and Etherington (2002), which consisted of 11 main subscales and was divided into two sections. The first section dealt with approaches to grammar te...

Writing the grammar of a language is one of the most significant outputs of linguistic studies. In Iran, it is Avicenna (Ibn-e Sina) who is credited with the first such compilation of the Persian language. Understanding the weaknesses associated with the traditional trends of grammar writing in Iran, contemporary Iranian linguists adopted the modern Western approach following the Chomskyan Turn...