Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes are a heterogeneousgroup of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activityagainst more than one endocrine organ, although non-endocrineorgans can also be affected. We report the association of APS Iwith erythema annulare centrifugum in an 18-years-old male whopresented with multiple figurate erythema spreading on his trunkand extremities along with a histo...

We present a 27-year-old male with multiple nonpainful soft tissue masses over several metacarpals, bilateral elbows, the left wrist, and both knees since the age of 4. Physical exam was significant for firm, nonmobile, nodular growths over the extensor surfaces of bilateral elbows and knees and on the 2nd and 5th metacarpal phalangeal joints. Laboratory studies revealed an unremarkable rheumat...

Lyme Borreliosis, or Lyme's disease, manifests itself in numerous skin conditions. Therapeutic intervention should be initiated as soon as a clinical diagnosis of erythema migrans is made. The histopathology of some of the skin conditions associated with Lyme Borreliosis is characterised by structural changes to collagen, and sometimes also elastic fibres. These conditions include morphea, lich...

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare dermatosis that has been shown to precede the onset of diabetes mellitus in 15% of patients. It is more common in women; the average age of the onset is 30 years. Skin lesions of classic NL begin as a small papule, typically on the bilateral pretibial area. Progressively, these papules become indurated plaques with an atrophic, yellow center and multiple tel...

Figurate erythemas (FE) represent an etiopathophysiologically heterogeneous group of diseases defined by their characteristic annular erythematous skin lesions. Diagnosis is made primarily clinical examination together with histological findings; often it a diagnosis exclusion. While some authors discuss FE as reaction pattern rather than distinct entities, others identify four classic FE: eryt...

Granuloma annulare (Gan) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) share common histologic features. In Gan, a disease characterized by the presence of palisading granulomas usually in the dermis, the main alteration is the presence of elastic fiber degeneration and it strongly suggests that the primary target leading to the development of this disorder is the injury to the elastic tissue. On the other ha...

Granuloma annulare (GA) is classified as localized, generalized/disseminated, subcutaneous, and perforating types. The studies show connection with diabetes mellitus, lipidic metabolic disorders, malignant diseases, thyroid disorders, infections (HBV, HCV, HIV). We performed a retrospective study between 2010-2011, regarding disseminated GA (GAD), and the relationship between GAD and other como...