Cluster formation is an important subject in various areas of physics. In astronomy, ice clusters are believed to aggregate into planetesimals [1], the base of what we know as planets today. In granular materials, our area of research, tiny nanoNewton forces are responsible for macroscopic clusters in free falling jets [3] – similar to the ones that appear in nano jets from plasma physics [2]. ...

We study the steady fully developed flow of granular materials between two horizontal flat plates, subject to slip at the walls. The constitutive model for the stress tensor is based on ideas in continuum mechanics and kinetic theory. The constitutive equation used in our study is a model proposed by Rajagopal et al. (1994) [24], and the material properties such as viscosity and the normal stre...

When the permittivities, or dielectric properties, of granular or powdered solid materials are important, some reliable relationship between the permittivity and the bulk density of the air-particle mixture is required. Examples of such applications include radio-frequency or microwave dielectric heating of these materials and the use of correlations between permittivity and water content of hy...