Neuropathologic studies have defined gross anatomic (structural) as well as histologic (parenchymal) changes of senile dementia (Alzheimer disease). This investigation suggests that loss of gray-white matter discriminability by computed tomography (CT) is related to cognitive impairment in this disease. Discriminability is defined as the relative ease of visual differentiation between gray and ...

Myofascial pain of the temporomandibular region (M-TMD) is a common, but poorly understood chronic disorder. It is unknown whether the condition is a peripheral problem, or a disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). To investigate possible CNS substrates of M-TMD, we compared the brain morphology of 15 women with M-TMD to that of 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. High-resolution...

Exposure to psychological trauma is common and predicts long-term physical and mental health problems, even in those who initially appear resilient. Here, we used multimodal neuroimaging in healthy adults who were at different distances from the World Trade Center on 9/11/01 to examine the neural mechanisms that may underlie this association. More than 3 years after 9/11/01, adults with closer ...

Voxel based morphometry (VBM) studies of Williams syndrome (WS) have demonstrated remarkably consistent findings of reduced posterior parietal gray matter compared to typical controls. Other WS VBM findings have been inconsistent, however. In particular, different findings have been reported for hypothalamus and orbitofrontal gray matter regions. We examined a sample of 8 WS and 9 control adult...

Animal studies suggest that structural changes occur in the maternal brain during the early postpartum period in regions such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, parietal lobe, and prefrontal cortex and such changes are related to the expression of maternal behaviors. In an attempt to explore this in humans, we conducted a prospective longitudinal study to examine gray matter changes using voxel-bas...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathology of Parkinson disease leads to morphological brain volume changes. So far, the progressive gray matter volume change across time specific to patients with Parkinson disease compared controls remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the pattern of gray matter changes in patients with Parkinson disease and to explore the progressive gray matter volume change...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a persistent infection of the central nervous system by the measles virus. Patients in the initial stages of SSPE show behavioral symptoms and usually normal cranial MR imaging findings. We aimed to investigate the gray matter volume changes in patients with early SSPE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with SSPE with...

This study is to test the hypothesis that apathy in healthy participants is closely related to the prefrontal-basal-ganglia circuit and associated structural changes. We selected 36 healthy aged participants with (n = 18) or without apathy (n = 18) from our database. Participants underwent structural MRI scanning, providing data for voxel-based morphometric analysis to explore gray matter chang...

Animal studies suggest that structural changes occur in the maternal brain during the early postpartum period in regions such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, parietal lobe, and prefrontal cortex and such changes are related to the expression of maternal behaviors. In an attempt to explore this in humans, we conducted a prospective longitudinal study to examine gray matter changes using voxel-bas...

The cause of multiple sclerosis (MS), its driving pathogenesis at the earliest stages, and what factors allow the first clinical attack to manifest remain unknown. Some imaging studies suggest gray rather than white matter may be involved early, and some postulate this may be predictive of developing MS. Other imaging studies are in conflict. To determine if there was objective molecular eviden...