Minimizing energy costs while maintaining consumer satisfaction is a very challenging task in smart home. The contradictory nature of these two objective functions (cost and level) requires multi-objective problem formulation that can offer several trade-off solutions to the consumer. Previous works have individually considered cost satisfaction, but there lack research considers both objective...

The canine major histocompatibility complex contains highly polymorphic genes, many of which are critical in regulating immune response. Since domestic dogs evolved from Gray Wolves (Canis lupus), common DLA class II alleles should exist. Sequencing was used to characterize 175 Gray Wolves for DLA class II alleles, and data from 1856 dogs, covering 85 different breeds of mostly European origin,...

Feature selection is a fundamental pre-processing step in machine learning that aims to reduce the dimensionality of dataset by selecting most effective features from original features. This process regarded as combinatorial optimization problem, and grey wolf optimizer (GWO), novel meta-heuristic algorithm, has gained popularity feature due its fast convergence speed easy implementation. In th...

High-throughput genotyping technologies developed for model species can potentially increase the resolution of demographic history and ancestry in wild relatives. We use a SNP genotyping microarray developed for the domestic dog to assay variation in over 48K loci in wolf-like species worldwide. Despite the high mobility of these large carnivores, we find distinct hierarchical population units ...

With the rapid development of economy, disparity between supply and demand resources is becoming increasingly prominent in engineering design. In this paper, an improved gray wolf optimization algorithm proposed (IGWO) to optimize design problems. First, a tent map used generate initial location population, which evenly distributes population lays foundation for diversified global search proces...

A Trichinella spiralis isolate obtained from a gray wolf (Canis lupus) in northwestern Montana in 1987 was evaluated for infectivity and resistance to freezing and its DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's) compared to that from other sylvatic and domestic isolates. Infectivity indices in albino mice were low (<2.6) and correlated well with mouse infectivity data from other sylv...