matroids are important combinatorial structures and connect close-lywith graphs. matroids and graphs were all generalized to fuzzysetting respectively. this paper tries to study  connections betweenfuzzy matroids and fuzzy graphs. for a given fuzzy graph, we firstinduce a sequence of matroids  from a sequence of crisp graph, i.e.,cuts of the fuzzy graph. a fuzzy matroid, named graph fuzzy matro...

Let $G$ be a graph with eigenvalues $lambda_1(G)geqcdotsgeqlambda_n(G)$. In this paper we find all simple graphs $G$ such that $G$ has at most twelve vertices and $G$ has exactly two non-negative eigenvalues. In other words we find all graphs $G$ on $n$ vertices such that $nleq12$ and $lambda_1(G)geq0$, $lambda_2(G)geq0$ and $lambda_3(G)0$, $lambda_2(G)>0$ and $lambda_3(G)

In this paper we initialize the study of independent domination in directed graphs. We show that an independent dominating set of an orientation of a graph is also an independent dominating set of the underlying graph, but that the converse is not true in general. We then prove existence and uniqueness theorems for several classes of digraphs including orientations of complete graphs, paths, tr...

A defensive alliance in a graph is a set $S$ of vertices with the property that every vertex in $S$ has at most one moreneighbor outside of $S$ than it has inside of $S$. A defensive alliance $S$ is called global if it forms a dominating set. The global defensive alliance number of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a global defensive alliance in $G$. In this article we study the global ...

‎Let $Gamma$ be a graph with adjacency eigenvalues $lambda_1leqlambda_2leqldotsleqlambda_n$‎. ‎Then the energy of‎ ‎$Gamma$‎, ‎a concept defined in 1978 by Gutman‎, ‎is defined as $mathcal{E}(G)=sum_{i=1}^n|lambda_i|$‎. ‎Also‎ ‎the Estrada index of $Gamma$‎, ‎which is defined in 2000 by Ernesto Estrada‎, ‎is defined as $EE(Gamma)=sum_{i=1}^ne^{lambda_i}$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we compute the eigen...

Bermond et al. [5] conjectured that the edge set of a cubic graph G can be partitioned into two linear k-forests, that is to say two forests whose connected components are paths of length at most k, for all k ;::: 5. That the statement is valid for all k ;::: 18 was shown in [8] by Jackson and Wormald. Here we improve this bound to k > {7 if X'( G) = 3; 9 otherwise. The result is also extended ...