Methane emissions from ruminant livestock have been intensively studied in order to reduce contribution to the greenhouse effect. Ruminants were found to produce more enteric methane than other mammalian herbivores. As camelids share some features of their digestive anatomy and physiology with ruminants, it has been proposed that they produce similar amounts of methane per unit of body mass. Th...

Sewage sludge is a considerable source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in the field of organic solid waste treatment and disposal. In this case study, total GHG emissions from sludge anaerobic digestion, including direct and indirect emissions as well as replaceable emission reduction due to biogas being reused instead of natural gas, were quantified respectively. The results indicated that no...

UNLABELLED It is estimated that there is sufficient in-state "technically" recoverable biomass to support nearly 4000 MW of bioelectricity generation capacity. This study assesses the emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants and resulting air quality impacts of new and existing bioenergy capacity throughout the state of California, focusing on feedstocks and advanced technologies utiliz...

The life-cycle analysis of this multi-institutional project concentrated on determining the greenhouse gas emissions involved in pre-farm, on-farm and post-farm activities involved in the use of maize for the manufacture of corn chips. When the emissions are all expressed in terms of CO2-equivalents (CO2-e), then pre-farm emissions comprise about 5% of the life-cycle emissions, on-farm activiti...

Reactive NOx is one of the major air pollutants, which also plays a key role as greenhouse gas. Many research efforts have been devoted to not only detection of NOx in air but also abatement of NOx emission. The aim of this mini review is to provide a panoramic snapshot of the electrochemical analysis methods for the emission and detection of NOx in atmosphere, with special emphasis on NOx sens...

Natural gas comprises almost one-fourth of all energy used in the U.S. New technologies, sometimes referred to as “unconventional” have enabled the production of more natural gas and have expanded domestic energy reserves. Natural gas is generally recognized as a clean-burning fuel source, producing less greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per quantity of energy consumed than either coal or oil. How...

FUND is an integrated assessment model of the interactions between climate and economy. Nine world regions emit greenhouse gases, and suffer damages from climate change. A number of greenhouse gas emission reduction policies are compared, including optimal and cost-effective strategies, strategies with early and late abatement, and strategies with and without international co-operation. The ana...

To develop low-carbon economy it is vital to introduce technology and technical innovation in effective ways to deal with climate change and control greenhouse gases emission. This would benefit greatly the participation in international cooperation and achieve socio-economic development goals in China. In the present work, the author performed a study on visualization and GIS-based spatial ana...

We analyse games of greenhouse gas emission reduction in which the emissions and the emission reduction costs of one country depend on other countries’ emission abatement. In an analytically tractable model, we show that international trade effects on costs and emissions can either increase or decrease incentives to reduce emissions and to cooperate on emission abatement; in some specifications...