Wind information in urban areas is essential for many applications related to air pollution, climate and planning, safety of drone-related operations, assessment wind energy potential. These require accurate forecasts, obtaining this an environment challenging as the morphology a city varies from street street, altering flow. Remote sensing techniques such Doppler lidars (light detection rangin...

The comprehensive evaluation of model- and satellite-based surface soil temperature (ST) products is a prerequisite for applications these datasets in hydrology, ecology, climate change, as well passive microwave moisture retrieval algorithms. Distinguished from existing regional validations, this study used ground observations approximately 800 stations 5 sparse 15 dense networks worldwide to ...

Recent observations at the magnetopause and of the high-latitude ionosphere, suggest that the cusp may be pulsed in nature. Specifically ground-based observations in the dayside auroral oval reveal transient optical features accompanied by bursts of enhanced plasma flow. Also, recent interpretation has shown cusp satellite data to be consistent with a burst of enhanced reconnection. In this pap...