This course gives an elementary introduction to the phase-field method and to its applications for the modeling of crystal growth. Two different interpretations of the phase-field variable are given and discussed. It can be seen as a physical order parameter that characterizes a phase transition, or as a smoothed indicator function that tracks domain boundaries. Elementary phase-field models fo...

in recent years, sustainable development has been accounted as one of the most important policy goals at the global level. many empirical studies have been carried out to determine the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality. the model so-called environmental kuznets curve (ekc) was in most of empirical studies. the aim of this study is to estimate a modified ekc (mekc) i...

Interest in the possible relationship between economic freedom and economic growth has burgeoned in recent years and most studies have found economic freedom to be conducive to economic growth. Yet, economic freedom is a broad concept that includes very different aspects. The rule of law is a precondition for a high degree of economic freedom. In this paper, it is therefore asked whether it can...

A child's growth achievement is a useful indicator of his well-being and nutritional status. This can easily be assessed by comparing his growth parameters such as weight, length and head ci rcumference, with norms or standards derived from a relatively healthy population of genetically similar children. Such standards are essential to professionals working with children, for example paediatric...

Evidence is presented indicating that the chemically transformed AKR-MCA and C3H/MCA-58 murine cell lines produce "transforming growth factor(s)" capable of inducing a transformed morphology and the ability to grow in soft agar in nontransformed, anchorage-dependent indicator cells. Serum-free medium conditioned by exposure to the chemically transformed cells was chromatographed on a Bio-Gel P-...