The life-history strategies of organisms are sculpted over evolutionary time by the relative prospects of present and future reproductive success. As a consequence, animals of many species show flexible behavioral responses to environmental and social change. Here we show that disruption of the habitat of a colony of African cichlid fish, Haplochromis burtoni (Günther) caused males to switch so...

Growth and development are clearly affected by high-altitude exposure to hypoxia, nutritional stress, cold or a combination of these factors. Very little research has been conducted on the growth and nutritional status of children living on the Tibetan Plateau. The present study evaluated the environmental impact on human growth by analyzing anthropometric characteristics of Tibetan children ag...

This paper investes testable restrictions on the time-series behavior of consumption and asset returns implied by a representative agent model with the spirit of capitalism in which intertemporal preference is represented by a utility function that generalizes conventional, time-additive, expected utility. In the recursive structure of preference, we examines the implication for consumption, po...

OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to evaluate physical growth and nutritional status of 214 school-going girls ranging in age from 5 to 12 years of rural area in Pauri Garhwal district of Uttaranchal. METHODS Physical growth was evaluated using eleven standard anthropometric measurements viz., height, body weight, sitting height, biepicondylar humerus, bicondylar femur, head circumfer...

In order to detect the growth status and predict the yield of the crop, crop growth monitor measuring nitrogen content in the plant is developed based on optical principle. The monitor measures the spectral reflectance of the plant canopy at the 610 nm and 1220 nm wavebands, and then calculates the nitrogen content in the plant with the measured data. The field test was carried out to evaluate ...

Metabolic acidosis is common in babies fed cows' milk-based formulae. Therefore the effects of adding alkaline salts (sodium and potassium citrate) to a demineralised whey formula were studied in vitro and in 26 low birthweight babies fed on the formula or formula plus citrate. The alkali altered the pH and titratable acidity to a value nearer human milk but it increased the buffering capacity ...

Unmarried men have higher rates of cardiovascular disease and a shorter lifespan than married men. The hypotheses that have been proposed to explain this are either that healthier men tend to marry or that the social support offered by marriage is protective. It is also possible that factors leading people to remain unmarried are linked with the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. As smal...

Urinary growth hormone (uGH) excretion and serum growth hormone concentrations have been compared in three groups of children. Group 1 consisted of 21 children who had had cranial irradiation as part of their treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; group 2, 18 normal children; and group 3, 12 boys with constitutional delay in growth and puberty who were in early puberty. Children in groups...

The Uppsala birth cohort study is a lifelong follow up study of people born in 1915-29. 4 We used official registers to follow their marital status and mortality from 1970 through to 1995. Complete data were available for 5577 men and 5227 women. We collected school results at age 10 and body height (for men) at conscription (age 18) for a random sample of 405 boys and 411 girls (8%). To indica...