introduction the aim of this study was to compare the smear layer removal efficacies of 3% sodium hypochlorite (naocl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), smearclear and biopure mtad using a common irrigation protocol. materials and methods: fifty freshly extracted human single rooted maxillary and mandibular teeth were prepared by a protaper rotary system up to an apical preparation f...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of citrus aurantifolia (ca) extract on smear layer removal in different parts of root canals. materials and methods: thirty-nine single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three experimental ( n =12) and one control ( n =3) groups. teeth were instrumented using mtwo rotary instruments. root canals were irrigated with...

introduction: the production of smear layer during canal instrumentation is thought to increase coronal microleakage even after canal obturation. previous studies have shown that the type of irrigant does not necessarily affect the seal of the obturation. our study aimed to evaluate the effect of three irrigation solutions (mtad, citric acid and edta/naocl) on the coronal microleakage of root c...

introduction: controversial results have been reported when organic acids, ultrasonic instruments and laser techniques were used to remove smear layer in endodontic treatments. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing debris and smear layer by er,cr:ysgg laser irradiation on the apical leakage of retrograde cavities. materials and methods: in this ex vivo study, 24 extracted...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of real seal (rs) and gutta-percha (gp). materials and methods: forty nine extracted human maxillary central incisors were used. the coronal part of each tooth was removed; the root canal was prepared using the crown down technique and apical enlargement to rotary file # 40. the specimens were randomly divided in to 3 groups...

introduction: one of the main goals of endodontic treatment is to decrease the harboring bacteria within the root canal system and dentinal tubules. this experimental study attempted to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of three root canal irrigants in the presence and absence of smear layer (sl). methods and materials: a total of 210 sound extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared...

in this study, we have theoretically investigated the effect of electron stopper layer on internal temperature distribution of high performance vertical cavity surface-emitting laser emitting at 1305 nm.  simulation software pics3d, which self-consistently combines the 3d simulation of carrier transport, self-heating, gain computation and wave-guiding, was used. simulation results show that cha...

this paper studied the mathematical method of flow with regard to two-phase boundary layer that created over the iced surface. based on experimental results, skin drag over the iced surface compared with this force that compute with slip condition. based on this results, for iced surface blasius equation solving at non-slip condition, can replace with solving the blasius equation with slip cond...

the effect of evaporation rate on structural, morphological and optical properties of electron beam evaporated cds thin films have been investigated. cds thin film deposited by electron beam evaporation method in 12nm/min and 60nm/min evaporation rates on glass substrates. x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, uv-vis-nir spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to character...

citric acid and tetracycline hcl are the most common clinical root demineralization agents used in periodontal practice. in this comparative in vitro study the effects of nd: yag laser radiation on root surface was compared to that of citric acid and tetracycline hcl using sem. a total of twenty-one freshly extracted periodontally diseased single rooted premolar teeth were root planned in vitro...