INTRODUCTION The appendix is the gold-standard channel for the Mitrofanoff principle in pediatric urology, but the search for alternatives is justified considering it may not be available or preferably used for colonic stomas (Malone antegrade continence enema). The aim of this study is to report on technical feasibility of a new approach for creating catheterizable channels in a rabbit model a...

Infrared reflectance spectra of carefully selected Mars soil analog materials have been measured under low atmospheric pressures and temperatures. Chemically altered montmorillonites containing ferrihydrite and hydrated ferric sulfate complexes are examined, as well as synthetic ferrihydrite and a palagonitic soil from Haleakala, Maui. Reflectance spectra of these analog materials exhibit subtl...

The problem concerning the greenhouse effects of human activities has broadened in scope frbm the CO2-climate problem to the trace gas-climate problem. The climate ffects of non-CO 2 trace gases are strongly governed by interactions between chemistry, radiation, and dynamics. We discuss in delfiil the natuie of the trace gas radiative heating and describe the importance of radiative-chemical in...

A specimen from L~tngban, Sweden, was found to consist largely of sj6grenite in which segregation and ordering of the metal cations had occurred, yielding an intergrowth of regions of two main types with compositions probably of or near Mg2/3Fel/3(OH)2(COa)I/6(H~O)o.~ and Mg12/13Fel/~3(OH)2(CO3)~/~6(H~O)0.8. To a smaller extent segregation had proceeded further, giving regions probably approxim...

This paper examines elements of British tax policy and discusses their implications for the US, where several recent proposals would mirror aspects of the British system. These include reducing filing requirements under the individual income tax, indexing capital gains for inflation, cutting mortgage interest deductions, enacting a value added tax, and integrating the corporate and personal inc...