EU agencies have become important regulatory venues. Initially established to provide expert advice, many gained far-reaching decision-making and enforcement powers. This has attracted considerable attention from stakeholders, but the extent of their influence on agency conduct remained a black box. We employ novel dataset 203 consultations (2007–2017) containing 26,468 attempts stakeholders ch...

Temporal modulation of the quantum vacuum through fast motion a neutral body or changes its optical properties is known to promote virtual into real photons, so-called dynamical Casimir effect. Empowering protocols with spatial control could enable shaping spectral, spatial, spin, and entanglement emitted photon pairs. Space–time metasurfaces have been proposed as platform realize this physics ...

The article provides analysis of sustainable consumption concepts in order to identify the existing and emerging patterns responsible within framework Sustainable Development Goals. Based on scientific publications, were listed then used for an online survey 600 young active consumers about their understanding attitude consumption. main driver is saving, limiting unnecessary spending. Among for...

We extend the method of controlled Lagrangians (CL) to include potential shaping, which achieves complete state-space asymptotic stabilization of mechanical systems. The CL method deals with mechanical systems with symmetry and provides symmetry-preserving kinetic shaping and feedback-controlled dissipation for state-space stabilization in all but the symmetry variables. Potential shaping compl...

Reward shaping is a well-known technique applied to help reinforcement-learning agents converge more quickly to nearoptimal behavior. In this paper, we introduce social reward shaping, which is reward shaping applied in the multiagentlearning framework. We present preliminary experiments in the iterated Prisoner’s dilemma setting that show that agents using social reward shaping appropriately c...