This paper concerns the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters in a time-dependent linear transport equation from full knowledge of the albedo operator at the boundary of a bounded domain of interest. We present optimal stability results on the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters for a given error in the measured albedo operator.

ornamental geophytes (ornamental flower bulbs) are international and national heritage considering their contribution to people's life quality around the world. iranian habitats support about 8000 species of flowering plants (belonging to 167 families and 100 genera) of which almost 1700 are endemic. iran is a rich country in terms of distribution of bulbous plants. more than 200 species of bul...

in this study, some habitat characteristics of iranian rose (hulthemia persica) were studied in gonbad watershed in hamedan providence, iran. soil samples were taken by a systematic randomized method at elevation 2000-2400 m above sea level. samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth. in the laboratory, n, p, k% and organic matter (oc%), soil acidity (ph), conductivity (ec) and soil texture were det...

Becker et al. (1) showed a strong effect of habitat split on the richness of species with aquatic larvae but no effect on the richness of species with terrestrial development, both when habitat split was analyzed alone in linear regressions and when it was analyzed together with habitat loss and fragmentation in more complex path analyses. Cannatella (2) argues that if species with aquatic larv...

—Alteration and loss of habitat is a major factor in the recent declines of many turtle populations. However, there are few studies of turtle populations in areas that are used intensively by humans. We used temporal symmetry modeling and an information-theoretic approach to model selection to estimate survival and recruitment in a population of Ornate Box Turtles, Terrapene ornata, in fragment...

An efficient immunity is necessary for host survival, but entails energetic costs. When energy is limited, immunocompetence and body condition should co-vary positively among individuals and, depending on body condition, individuals should allocate more either in innate immunity or in adaptive response. We tested whether immune phenotype depends on body condition in large mammals, using data fr...

The analysis of data generated by animal habitat selection studies, by family studies of genetic diseases, or by longitudinal follow-up of households often involves fitting a mixed conditional logistic regression model to longitudinal data composed of clusters of matched case-control strata. The estimation of model parameters by maximum likelihood is especially difficult when the number of case...

Environmental variability is the main driver for the variation of biological characteristics (life-history traits) of species. Therefore, life-history traits are particularly suited to identify mechanistic linkages between environmental variability and species occurrence and can help in explaining ecological patterns. For ground beetles, few studies directly related species traits to environmen...