BACKGROUND Cholesterol metabolism may be involved in pediatric gallstone disease. We aimed to reveal cholesterol metabolites and phytosterols and their relation to stone composition of sterols in children having black pigment and cholesterol stones. METHODS We performed retrospective controlled clinical study, in which we examined parameters of cholesterol metabolism and liver function values...

PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of novel nanosecond electropulse lithotripsy with standard electrohydraulic lithotripsy to demonstrate and authenticate their differences because both modalities appear to be similar. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro fragmentation study was conducted using cuboid BegoStone phantoms, which mimic hard and soft stones, based on an established model. Three di...

A variety of factors influence the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, including gender, diet, and urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Several of these factors may be related to body size. Because men on average have a larger body size and a threefold higher lifetime risk of stone formation than women, body size may be an important risk factor for calcium oxalate stone...

Introduction The recurrence rate of choledocholithiasis after endoscopic stone extraction differs from 6.4% to 24%. Although the etiology of stone recurrence after initial ERCP has not been fully elucidated, some risk factors for stone recurrence have been reported: a common bile duct (CBD) dilatation, periampullary diverticula (PAD), pneumobilia, and acute CBD angulation. The early detection a...

Since the first report in 2005, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery has been linked to a variety of metabolic changes that alter kidney stone risk. The studies with the highest level of evidence, performed in non-stone forming patients before and after RYGB, cite a number of kidney stone risk factors, including a 25% increase in urinary oxalate, a 30% decrease in urinary citrate, and reduct...

In this paper, Carry Tree Adders are Proposed. Parallel prefix adders have the best performance in VLSI Design. Parallel prefix adders gives the best performance compared to the Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) and Carry Skip Adder (CSA). Here Delay measurements are done for Kogge-Stone Adder, Sparse Kogge-Stone Adder and Spanning Tree Adder. Speed of Kogge-Stone adder and Sparse Kogge-Stone adder have...

The Accordion stone management device is a hydrophilic microcatheter-based tool that blocks stone migration. This instrument has been described for use during ureteroscopy to prevent retropulsion of stone fragments. We used this device during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in 30 patients to prevent antegrade migration of stone fragments (group 1), and find that the device is easily inserte...

Objective Kidney stone disease has high rates of recurrence. In order to avert a recurrent episode, metabolic risk factors should be evaluated during follow-up. The study is aimed to investigate the metabolic abnormalities in patients with kidney stone and to explore whether metabolic disorders are associated with types of the stone. Methods A total of 34 patients with renal stone were recruite...

To minimize the operative time and to avoid open cystolithotomy in women with large bladder stone (>5 cm), we present here a modification of percutaneous cystolithotomy, a well-described standard procedure for urinary bladder stones. With this technique, suprapubic percutaneous access was achieved under cystoscopic guidance. The suprapubic tract was dilated and an Amplatz sheath of 30 Fr was pl...

BACKGROUND Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a noninvasive, safe, and efficient treatment option for ureteral stones. Depending on stone location and size, the overall stone-free rate (SFR) varies significantly. Failure of stone disintegration results in unnecessary exposure to shock waves and radiation and requires alternative treatment procedures, which increases medical costs. It is therefore ...