Obesity has emerged as a major contributing risk factor for overactive bladder (OAB), but no study examined urethral smooth muscle (USM) dysfunction as a predisposing factor to obesityinduced OAB. This study investigated the USM relaxant machinery in obese mice and whether soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation with BAY 60-2770 [acid 4-({(4-carboxybutyl) [2-(5fluoro-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl) b...

The RAS/RAF signaling pathway is an important mediator of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The novel bi-aryl urea BAY 43-9006 is a potent inhibitor of Raf-1, a member of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Additional characterization showed that BAY 43-9006 suppresses both wild-type and V599E mutant BRAF activity in vitro. In addition, BAY 43-9006 demonstrated significant activity agai...

We aimed to characterize the relaxation induced by the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY 41-2272 and its pharmacological interactions with nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum (CC) from wild-type (WT), eNOS and nNOS mice. The effect of BAY 41-2272 on superoxide formation and NADPH oxidase expression was also investigated. Tissues were mounted in myographs for isometric force r...

BACKGROUND The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway plays an important role in tumor response to cytotoxic treatments. We investigated the effects of a novel small molecule inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I and hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activity BAY-87-2243, on tumor microenvironment and response of human squamous cell carcinoma (hSCC) to clinically relevant fractionat...

The RAS/RAF signaling pathway is an important mediator of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The novel bi-aryl urea BAY 43-9006 is a potent inhibitor of Raf-1, a member of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Additional characterization showed that BAY 43-9006 suppresses both wild-type and V599E mutant BRAF activity in vitro. In addition, BAY 43-9006 demonstrated significant activity agai...

Previously we have shown that, unlike wild-type mice (WT), heme oxygenase-1 knockout (HO-1-/-) mice developed nitrate tolerance and were not protected from inflammation caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) when preconditioned with a H2S donor. We hypothesized that stimulation (with BAY 41-2272) or activation (with BAY 60-2770) of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) would precondition HO-1-/- mice a...

We report a new measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance using the fully constructed Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. The final two of eight antineutrino detectors were installed in the summer of 2012. Including the 404 days of data collected from October 2012 to November 2013 resulted in a total exposure of 6.9×10^{5} GW_{th}  ton days, a 3.6 times increase over our previous res...

The Bristol Bay region of southwestern Alaska is sparsely inhabited, but richly endowed in resources that could support a major tourism industry. Despite an abundance of natural and cultural attractions and a clear need for economic diversification, the tourism industry is still largely undeveloped. Several factors account for this unfulfilled opportunity, including high travel costs, lack of v...

Precisely measuring θ13 is one of the highest priority in neutrino oscillation study. Reactor experiments can cleanly determine θ13. Past reactor neutrino experiments are reviewed and status of next precision θ13 experiments are presented. Daya Bay is designed to measure sin 2θ13 to better than 0.01 and Double Chooz and RENO are designed to measure it to 0.02-0.03. All are heading to full opera...

Science consists of both a body of knowledge and a process by which the knowledge is produced. Historically, these two aspects were often assessed separately (i.e., test items on knowledge and test items on skills) and taught relatively separately (e.g., with an introduction section on skills or via isolated projects or labs). The last decade has been marked by a substantial shift to an integra...