Restriction site analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was carried out on 607 isofemale lines, corresponding to monthly samples obtained over a two-year period, from a single geographic population of Drosophila subobscura to evaluate the possible changes in the action of the evolutionary forces with respect to the variation of the seasonal enviromental conditions. The haplotype distribution pat...

MOTIVATION The goal of the haplotype assembly problem is to reconstruct the two haplotypes (chromosomes) for an individual using a mix of sequenced fragments from the two chromosomes. This problem has been shown to be computationally intractable for various optimization criteria. Polynomial time algorithms have been proposed for restricted versions of the problem. In this article, we consider t...

Amolecular genetics study involvingDNAsequencingof aportionof themitochondrial DNA 16S gene was undertaken to determine the extent of genetic variation within Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) inNorthAmerica. This studywas donebecause differences inmorphological variants (ofR.flavipes)would presumably translate into genetic differences, and there are noprior studies that describe its genetic var...

Both UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 (UGT2B4) and UGT2B7 are expressed mainly in the human liver and have several overlapping substrates; e.g., catechol estrogens, bile acids, codeine, and carvedilol. To identify novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in a Japanese population, the enhancer/promoter regions, all the exons, and the surrounding intronic regions of UGT2B4 and U...

In paramutation, two alleles of a gene interact and, during the interaction, one of them becomes epigenetically silenced. The various paramutation systems that have been studied to date exhibit intriguing differences in the physical complexity of the loci involved. B and Pl alleles that participate in paramutation are simple, single genes, while the R haplotypes that participate in paramutation...

Clonal populations accumulate mutations over time, resulting in different haplotypes. Deep sequencing of such a population in principle provides information to reconstruct these haplotypes and the frequency at which the haplotypes occur. However, this reconstruction is technically not trivial, especially not in clonal systems with a relatively low mutation frequency. The low number of segregati...

The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2, SLC18A2) takes up cytosolic monoamines into intracellular secretory vesicles, preventing their neurotoxicity in the cytosol and discharging them into extracellular space by exocytosis. It has been shown that one-copy deletion of the VMAT2 gene increases locomotion activity significantly in response to drug treatments and dopamine neuron death rate i...