Does encountering information-processing conflict recruit general mechanisms of cognitive control or change only the representations of specific cues and responses? In the present experiments, a flanker task elicited responses to symbolic information (arrow meaning), whereas Stroop-like tasks elicited responses to nonsymbolic information (color of a letter or location of a target box). Despite ...

The way a story is retold influences the way it is later remembered; after retelling an event in a biased manner people subsequently remember the event in line with their distorted retelling. This study tested the hypothesis that this should be especially true for older adults. To test this, older and younger adults retold a story to be entertaining, to be accurate, or did not complete an initi...

The amount of masking exerted by one speech sound on another can be reduced by presenting the masker twice, from two different locations in the horizontal plane, with one of the presentations delayed to simulate an acoustical reflection. Three experiments were conducted on various aspects of this phenomenon. Experiment 1 varied the number of masking talkers from one to three and the signal-to-n...

Locating a target among distractors improves when the configuration of distractors consistently cues the target's location across search trials, an effect called contextual cuing of visual search (CC). The important issue of whether CC is automatic has previously been studied by asking whether it can occur implicitly (outside awareness). Here we ask the novel question: is CC of visual search co...

INTRODUCTION Governance is a dynamic feature of value chains that characterizes the relationships or linkages among stakeholders in the chain. Governance is important as it relates to the ability of a stakeholder to determine, control and/or coordinate the activities of other actors in the value added chain. At any point in the chain, a firm (or organization or institution) can set parameters u...

It is proved that within the framework of Special Relativity, a force exerted on a classical particle by a field must be of the form E+v×B, the Lorentz force form.

Can the mind be divorced from the body? As evidenced by a host of findings in the traditions of grounded cognition and embodiment, sensorimotor experience can exert a powerful influence on what and how people think. The current investigation explores the conditions that temper or enable this influence, proposing that level of mental construal may moderate the role of temporary physical state in...

The promise of molecular electronic devices stems from the possibilities offered by the rich electronic structure of organic molecules. The use of molecules as functional components in microelectronic devices has long been envisioned to augment or even replace silicon. However, the understanding of what controls charge transport in these devices involves complexities stemming from numerous vari...

The relationship between team size and productivity is a question of broad relevance across economics, psychology, and management science. For complex tasks, however, where both the potential benefits and costs of coordinated work increase with the number of workers, neither theoretical arguments nor empirical evidence consistently favor larger vs. smaller teams. Experimental findings, meanwhil...

—Over the last 200 y the tallgrass prairie of the Midwestern United States has experienced widespread conversion to agricultural production. Today, the few remaining tracts of unplowed grassland persist as small isolated patches within a landscape of row-crop agriculture. The small size and isolation of these prairie remnants raises concerns over their long-term sustainability. In this study I ...