We present a technical note that supplements published procedures on optimal sample preparation for performing wood and phloem formation analyses. Before beginning sampling, it is important to learn about the characteristics of tree or shrub species be investigated. Some tips are given how use Trephor tool in best way, remove outer hard bark (periderm), microcores should handled after removal f...

Woods are customarily divided into two types: hardwood and softwood. Softwoods are generally conifers (pine, fir, spruce, cedar, etc.) and hardwoods come from deciduous trees (oak, beech, ash, silver birch, etc.) and from certain tropical species (mahogany, teak, etc.). This distinction is purely botanical, softwoods corresponding to the gymnosperms and hardwoods to the angiosperms, and certain...

Changes to minor patch types in forested landscapes may have large consequences for forest biodiversity. The effects of forest management and environment on these secondary patch types are often poorly understood. For example, do early-to-mid successional minor patch types become more expansive as late successional forest types are fragmented or do they also become more fragmented in managed la...

We radiotracked 17 male northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) to 43-day roosts and 23 females to 49-day roosts in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas during summers 2000–2005. We compared characteristics of roost trees between males and females, and compared characteristics of sites surrounding roosts with random locations for each sex. Roosts were located in cavities, crevic...