While much has been written about the medical, economic, and social causes of cross-national differences in some mortality related phenomena such as in life expectancy and infant mortality, much less attention has been given to maternal mortality, the focus of the present study. In the studies of maternal mortality that have been done, there has been very little effort to assess the potential r...

Few studies have assessed differences in the prevalence of and economic burden attributable to tobacco smoking, excess weight, physical inactivity, and alcohol use by gender. This article examines these gender differences in Canadians between the ages of 30 and 64 years. It also estimates the potential cost avoidance if the prevalence of the four risk factors (RFs) were reduced modestly in male...

Economic reform has resulted in considerable decentralization and exceptional economic growth in China. It has however posed a serious contradiction for China’s environmental protection efforts. This study empirically investigated the environmental effects of market and power decentralization using data on industrial SO2 emission and dusts at the city level. It is found that China’s industrial ...

According to World Health Organization (WHO), most of health hazards due smoking comes from exposure cigarette smoke (smoke aerosol), formed the burning process tobacco in conventional cigarettes. This propels implementation concept harm reduction by striving for products those still craving can consume, but at a lower risk. study aims determine difference HPHC content between cigarettes and HT...

TGV (Test Generation with Verification technology) is a tool, integrated into the toolset CADP, for the generation of test cases based on a system’s specification and a test purpose. In this report we discuss the integration of μCRL and TGV into the process of test generation. We also work out the ioco theory and its relation to TGV. Furthermore, we do not only discuss the theoretical aspects o...