OBJECTIVES To review past and present patterns of occurrence of Japanese encephalitis in Hong Kong and across Asia. A better understanding of the disease should facilitate the formulation of an effective strategic plan to prevent a future epidemic. DATA SOURCES Report of local cases, and literature search of MEDLINE up to November 2004. STUDY SELECTION Literature and data related to Japanes...

BACKGROUND Encephalitis has many causes, but for most patients the cause is unknown. We aimed to establish the cause and identify the clinical differences between causes in patients with encephalitis in England. METHODS Patients of all ages and with symptoms suggestive of encephalitis were actively recruited for 2 years (staged start between October, 2005, and November, 2006) from 24 hospital...

Enteroviruses have been reported in encephalitis cases. However, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of enteroviruses in encephalitis are not fully established. We prospectively investigated 204 children with encephalitis over a period of 2 years (2009 to 2010) for enterovirus. Enterovirus was detected in 45 specimens (22.1%); of these, 40 were typed by seminested reverse transcription...

Encephalitis is a devastating illness that commonly causes neurologic disability and has a case fatality rate >5% in the United States. An etiologic agent is identified in <50% of cases, making diagnosis challenging. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program (EIP) Encephalitis Project established syndromic surveillance for encephalitis in New York, California, a...

Japanese encephalitis (ICD 10: A83.0) is an important specific viral encephalitis caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, a virus of the Flavivirus group. Millions of people, especially those in endemic areas of developing countries in Asia, are at high risk from this infection. Therefore proper management to deal with this virus is essential. There is no specific treatment for Japanese ence...

OBJECTIVE To report first-hand narrative experience of autoimmune encephalitis and to briefly review currently available evidence of autoimmune encephalitis in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. SETTING A case study is presented on the management of a patient who developed autoimmune encephalitis during nivolumab monotherapy occurring after 28 weeks on anti-PD-1 monoth...

Rocio virus (ROCV) was responsible for an explosive encephalitis epidemic in the 1970s affecting about 1,000 residents of 20 coastland counties in São Paulo State, Brazil. ROCV was first isolated in 1975 from the cerebellum of a fatal human case of encephalitis. Clinical manifestations of the illness are similar to those described for St. Louis encephalitis. ROCV shows intense antigenic cross-r...

In 1917, Von Economo described a disease named "Encephalitis Lethargica" which affected a large number of patients across the world in an epidemic between 1916 and 1927. It's spread paralleled with the spread of the pandemic influenza, but Von Economo and the contemporary authors did not believe it to be a post-influenzal sequela. Now parkinsonism is a well-known complication of acute infectiou...

Influenzal encephalitis is frequently treated with oral antivirals, including amantadine (Symmetrel) for influenza A (if susceptible), rimantadine (Flumadine) for influenza A (if susceptible), and oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for influenza A and B; corticosteroids and immune globulin have also been tried. However, none of these agents has been proven to be effective for influenzal encephalitis. A comb...

1. Justification for a Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Genome Project. Culex species are important vectors of human pathogens in the United States and world-wide, including the aetiologic agents of West Nile encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, Ross River encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, Rift valley fev...