Millions of carloads of hazardous materials are transported annually throughout the North American railway network. The risk of hazardous materials release incidents makes railway transportation safety a high priority. A number of strategies have been implemented or are in development to reduce the risk. Each risk reduction strategy has a particular effect on safety and different risk reduction...

In recent years the interest in monitoring infrastructures has spread in many application domains, even because of the number of natural disasters and terrorist attacks. This important activity can be seen in the general context of critical infrastructure protection such as the freight train meant for hazardous materials transportation. The design of these systems must answer to several issues:...

Environmentally Safe and Effective Processes for Paint Removal Paint stripping and repainting of aircraft surfaces arc requircd periodically during thc operating lifetime of an aircraft. Historically, paint removal has been achieved using chemical strippers, involving materials which contain toxic components and which create hazardous working conditions. The process generates large amounts of h...

Many research works are going on to save or protect the environment from different hazardous or toxic gases, chemicals and other harmful effects. Different construction materials (both renewable & non-renewable) are used while constructing any structure, road, railway, tunnel, etc. But every Engineer must know the concept of sustainable development and the particular application of construction...

today, transportation of hazardous materials (i.e., hazmat) is a very important issue for researchersdue to the risk of this transit, which should be considered for development of industries and transportation.therefore, a model that is useful should consider the risk and damage to humanitarianand environmental issues due to transit of hazmat materials. by considering the related cost, thereali...

BACKGROUND The safe use of recycled paper and cardboard material for food packaging applications is     an important area of investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine which hazardous chemi- cal pollutants were found in paper and cardboard samples used for pastry packaging, and to measure the migration of pollutants over time into the pastries. METHODS In this study, the...

Hazardous materials routing and scheduling decisions involve the determination of the minimum cost and/or risk routes for servicing the demand of a given set of customers. This paper addresses the bicriterion routing and scheduling problem arising in hazardous materials distribution planning. Under the assumption that the cost and risk attributes of each arc of the underlying transportation net...

Flow cytometry is a simple analytical technique used for the investigation of cells taken from various sources. Cells are identified by both their physical characteristics and the presence or absence of specific molecules on the cell surface. These molecules may be either phenotypic, or induced by a specific stimulus. Flow cytometry has been used to identify the nature and extent of the immune ...

background: chemical contaminants present in the work environments include gases, vapors, and solid and liquid suspended particles. the number of factories producing chemicals has increased significantly. each year, new products are introduced into the market. consequently, the number of employees at risk of exposure to these materials is increased. hazardous chemicals are used in the petrochem...