Because low levels of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a major independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,1 the mechanisms leading to low HDL-C are of substantial biological and clinical importance. Low HDL-C is most commonly seen in persons who have other components of the “metabolic syndrome,” particularly increased waist circumference, elevated ...

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a lipid and protein complex that consists of apolipoproteins and lower level HDL-associated enzymes. HDL dysfunction is a factor in atherosclerosis and decreases patient survival. Mass spectrometry- (MS-) based proteomics provides a high throughput approach for analyzing the composition and modifications of complex HDL proteins in diseases. HDL can be separated...

Rat liver parenchymal cell binding, uptake, and proteolytic degradation of rat ‘Z51-labeled high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction, HDL, (1.110 < d < 1.210 g/ml), in which apo-A-I is the major polypeptide, were investigated. Structural and metabolic integrity of the isolated cells was verified by trypan blue exclusion, low lactic dehydrogenase leakage, expected morphology, and gluconeogenes...

High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is one of the most commonly measured biomarkers integrated into public health prevention guidelines. Major epidemiological studies have demonstrated strong, inverse, and independent relationships between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. However, several recent clinical trials have challenged the value of raising HDL-C pharmacologica...

High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations have been shown to increase with regular endurance exercise and, therefore, can contribute to a lower risk of coronary heart disease in physically active individuals compared with sedentary subjects. Although low HDL cholesterol levels are frequently observed in combination with hypertriglyceridemia, some individuals may be characterized...

Zewinger et al. studied 3310 patients undergoing coronary angiography in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study and determined that serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Patients with low SAA levels and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels had lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, pa...

BACKGROUND In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) impairs its anti-atherogenic properties and even develops to a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic phenotype because of abnormal compositions and modifications. In this study, we examined the effects and the related mechanisms of glycation of HDL on the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSM...

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles transport (among other molecules) cholesterol (HDL-C). In epidemiological studies, plasma HDL-C levels have an inverse relationship to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been assumed that this reflects the protective functions of HDL, which include their ability to promote cholesterol efflux. Yet, several recent pharmacological an...

The influence of high density lipoproteins (HDL) on luteinizing hormone-stimulated rat ovarian theca/interstitial cell steroidogenesis was studied. Without HDL the cells produced primarily androgens from progestin precursors. In the presence of rat or human HDL steroid output increased 3-5-fold, but the type of steroid produced was dependent on the source of the HDL. Human HDL nonselectively am...

Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Experimental studies have identified several potential anti-atherogenic properties of HDL, including promotion of macrophage cholesterol efflux, endothelial nitric oxide stimulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. These observations ha...