II. THE TROUBLE WITH AI ............................................................... 358 A. What Is AI? ............................................................................... 359 B. The Problematic Characteristics of AI .................................... 362 1. Autonomy, Foreseeability, and Causation ............................ 363 2. Control ........................................

This paper asks why Argentina slipped into a deep crisis with its currency board (CB) arrangement though this regime had received so much academic support as a stabilisation device. It is argued that a CB does not make devaluation risks disappear but translates them into an explosive, strongly pro-cyclical mixture of exchange rate, financial system and default risk which might trap a country in...

Two main contrasting approaches are used in the entrepreneurship literature to explain how new ventures strategize: causal/planned strategies and effectual/emergent strategies. In this study, we explore the use of these strategies within micro and small firms. Our results show that larger companies typically used more planned strategies while simultaneously relying on effectual mechanisms. We o...

Because causal relations are neither observable nor deducible, they must be induced from observable events. The 2 dominant approaches to the psychology of causal induction—the covariation approach and the causal power approach—are each crippled by fundamental problems. This article proposes an integration of these approaches thai overcomes these problems. The proposal is that reasoners innately...

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This paper shows how to construct a Markovian arrival process of second order from information on the marginal distribution and on its autocorrelation function. More precisely, closed-form explicit expressions for the MAP(2) rate matrices are given in terms of the first three marginal moments and one parameter that characterizes the behavior of the autocorrelation function. Besides the permissi...

Despite difficulties associated with the law of causation, it could be much clearer than it is. The aim of this paper is to present a framework which provides an acceptable explanation of, and justification for, the pattern of the cases and the statutory provisions. The discussion is intended to cover the criminal law of Australia, Canada, England and New Zealand.

Recent work in psychology and experimental philosophy has shown that judgments of actual causation are often influenced by consideration of defaults, typicality, and normality. A number of philosophers and computer scientists have also suggested that an appeal to such factors can help deal with problems facing existing accounts of actual causation. This paper develops a flexible formal framewor...