Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an organic solvent-free sample preparation tool suitable for direct adsorption of analytes from the headspace or the aqueous phase of a matrix followed by desorption into a gas chromatograph (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) for subsequent analysis. The SPME technique is designed to accommodate the use of fibers coated with different poly...

A rare sample of maple (Acer spp.) honey from Croatia was analysed. Ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) using: 1) pentane, 2) diethyl ether, 3) a mixture of pentane and diethyl ether (1:2 v/v) and 4) dichloromethane as solvents was applied. All the extracts were analysed by GC and GC/MS. The most representative extracts were 3) and 4). Syringaldehyde was the most striking compound, being domina...

Triazole fungicides are systemic fungicides applied to protect crops from fungus infections. Its use must be controlled due to the potential harmful effects in environment and human health. Before determination with a chromatographic system, analyte must be isolated and preconcentrated with an extraction step. This review presents the most used microextraction techniques for those compounds in ...

This paper describes the use of headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography to identify the signature odors that law enforcement-certified detector dogs alert to when searching for drugs, explosives, and humans. Background information is provided on the many types of detector dog available and specific samples highlighted in this paper are the drugs cocaine and...

Hypericum Perforatum L., commonly known as St. John’s wort, is one of the best-known medicinal herbs. wort infused oils are mostly used externally, but can be taken orally for stomach ulcers, a food supplement. Therefore, it important to develop methods that allow rapid and reliable determination β-caryophyllene, which main active components wort. In this work, two gas chromatographic technique...

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method for the analysis of phthalates in water samples was developed on the CTC CombiPAL autosampler GC-MS platform. In this method, the sample preparation process was automated by using a CombiPAL autosampler, including the SPME fiber precondition, adsorption, and desorption, which improve the precision of the SPME method. The extraction temperature, extrac...

Fast gas chromatography combined with surface acoustic wave sensor (GC/SAW) has been applied for the detection of volatile aroma compounds emanated from thymus medicinal plants such as T. quinquecostotus (Jeju and Mt. Gaya in South Korea), T. quinquecostotus var. japonica (Ulreung island in South Korea), T. mongolicus (Northeastern Asia), and T. serpyllum (Europe). The GC/SAW involving the frag...

Alkalization is an important process in cocoa powder production that affects color and flavor. In this study, the impact of alkalization temperature (60, 70, 80, 90, 100 °C), NaOH concentration (0.59, 1.17, 2.34, 3.59% w/w powder) time (1 10 min) on physicochemical properties (pH, color) phytochemical profile (theobromine, caffeine, epicatechin, catechin) were investigated, while aroma was stud...

Ionogels, a family of hybrid materials in which ionic liquids (ILs) are confined in a sol-gel network, are receiving much attention in a variety of scientific and technological fields. In this work, ionogels derived from three different ILs based on the anion bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), namely 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4C1Py][TFSI]), 1-butyl...