The need for cooperation in the planning of metropolitan trans­ portation facilities has taken on added significance as a result of the Interstate Road Program with its emphasis on arterial improvement in urban areas. A meeting to discuss this problem more fully was held in October 1958 at Syracuse University. This meeting, the National Conference on Highways and Urban Redevelopment (more commo...

In analysing the effects of the Turkish health reforms, we were careful to use reliable data from the Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008; the Turkish Household and Budget Surveys (THBS) 2003–11 done annually by the Turkish Statistical Institution; and the health expenditure and health insurance coverage data from the Social Security Institution. We used WHO ...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper shows that increasing government social expenditur...

Actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions often reduce co-emitted air pollutants, bringing co-benefits for air quality and human health. Past studies typically evaluated near-term and local co-benefits, neglecting the long-range transport of air pollutants, long-term demographic changes, and the influence of climate change on air quality. Here we simulate the co-benefits of global GHG re...

This article provides an overview of the U.S. health care system and recent proposals for health system reform. Prepared for a 15-nation comparative study for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the article summarizes descriptive data on the financing, utilization, access, and supply of U.S. health services; analyzes health system cost growth and trends; reviews he...

This article further investigates the determinants of health expenditures by using aggregate data. Specifically, a panel data analysis of 25 OECD countries reveals that under several model specifications, the proxy for population ageing has no effect on health costs in accordance with recent findings. In contrast to this well-known result, an additional estimation conducted to check robustness ...

Despite the Canadian public health community's commitments to promoting public policy that supports health, evidence indicates that Canada's public health picture continues to decline. This may be due in part to the failure of public health agencies and local public health units to engage in public policy advocacy and public education about the social determinants of health. Examples of such ac...

This article explores the effect of sub-national tax autonomy and sub-national control over shared taxes on primary deficits with panel data for 23 OECD countries over the 1975-2000 period. The results suggest that sub-national tax autonomy has a U-shaped effect on primary deficits. We find that the “average” country in the sample could increase the fiscal stability of its public sector by redu...

For governments, efficiency of the healthcare policies is a big concern, because total expenditure for health care has been rising year by year (OECD, 2011). It is reasonable idea that information technology will improve efficiency in medicine, as in the other domains. President Obama of the US declared to invest to propagate EHR to improve health care quality and efficiency with massive Budget...

The Evolution of Income-Related Inequalities in Health Care Utilization in Switzerland over Time This study investigates equity in access to health care in Switzerland over time, using nationwide representative survey data from 1982, 1992, 1997 and 2002. Both simple quintile distributions and concentration indices are used to assess horizontal equity, i.e. the extent to which adults in equal ne...