BACKGROUND Studies have shown that abdominal girth and vertebral column length have high predictive value for spinal spread after administering a dose of plain bupivacaine. we designed a study to identify the specific correlations between abdominal girth, vertebral column length and a 0.5% dosage of plain bupivacaine, which should provide a minimum upper block level (T12) and a suitable upper b...

Introduction: Due to increase in survival of HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapies, longer term complications of HIV infection have started to surface including HIV related pulmonary arterial hypertension (HIV­PAH). In the 1990’s the occurrence of HIV­PAH was estimated to be at 0.5% (1:1200) in HIV positive patients which is 2500 times higher than in the general population (1­2:1,00...

The objective of the present paper is to study maximum radius r a connected graph order n, minimum degree δ ≥ 2 and girth at least g 4. Erdős, Pach, Pollack Tuza proved that if = 4, is, triangle-free, then ≤ n − + 12, noted up value additive constant, this upper bound tight. In we shall determine exact maximum. For larger values little known. We settle for 6 , 8 prove an every even g, which con...