The objective of this work was to introduce a novel method for refining the solidification microstructure. Traditional casting usually solidifies one homogeneous liquid by removing heat from liquid surface, by which the microstructure solely depends on the heat removal rate for the given alloy composition. The newly developed multi-liquid composite simultaneous casting concept raises an alterna...

Micromixer is a significant component of microfluidics particularly in lab-on-chip applications so that there has been a growing need for design and fabrication of micromixers with a shorter length and higher efficiency. Despite most of the passive micromixers that suffer from long mixing path and complicated geometry to increase the efficiency, our novel design suggests a highly efficient micr...

A numerical study is performed to investigate unsteady, two-dimensional, incompressible laminar flow over both sides of a slot-perforated flat surface, which is placed in a narrow channel. Emphasis is placed on the effect of the blockage factor, that is, the ratio of plate thickness to channel widthW on the heat-transfer performance and the velocity and thermal fields. It is found from the stud...

Heat and mass transfer problem in a fixed-bed tubular reactor is one of the major concerns in the chemical engineering. The two dimensional axial plug flow model was used for a water gas shift reactor to compare heat conduction or mass diffusion with convective effect. In the case of fast fluid flow in highly permeable catalyst-bed, convective heat transfer was dominant compared to heat conduct...

Prior to the 2000s, the North Atlantic was the basin showing the greatest warming. However, since the mid-2000s during the so-called global warming hiatus, large amounts of heat were transferred in this basin from upper to deeper levels while the dominance in terms of atmospheric heat capture moved into the Indo-Pacific. Here we show that a large transformation of modal waters in the eastern No...

Heat transfer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in practical situations is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Attenuation of the expected high thermal conductivity was simulated by mixing C isotope impurities to SWNTs or binding two SWNTs with different chirality with a junction structure in between. The heat transfer through the junction can be expressed with the t...

A specialized transducing phage, SP beta c2 dglnA2, of Bacillus subtilis was used to construct partial diploids with various glutamine auxotrophs. The overproduction of manganese-stimulated glutamine synthetase no longer occurred in the diploids. The kinetics of heat inactivation of the enzyme extracted from two diploids suggests that there was subunit mixing.

We investigate the temperature dependence of η and η′ masses due to scatterings from thermal pions in a heat bath using the non-linear sigma model. We show that mass shifts of η and η′ and the shift in the mixing angle are negligible.

It is an open question whether turbulent mixing across density surfaces is sufficiently large to play a dominant role in closing the deep branch of the ocean meridional overturning circulation. The diapycnal and isopycnal mixing experiment in the Southern Ocean found the turbulent diffusivity inferred from the vertical spreading of a tracer to be an order of magnitude larger than that inferred ...

A self-association model has been used to understand the concentration dependence of free energy of mixing (GM), heat of mixing (HM), entropy of mixing (SM), activity (a) and microscopic structures, such as concentration fluctuation in long wavelength limit (Scc(0)) and Warren-Cowley short range order parameter ( 1 α )for CuTl molten alloys at 1573K. A comparative study of surface tension of th...