Somatostatin has direct anti-inflammatory actions and participates in the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids, but the mechanisms underlying this regulation remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether somatostatin increases glucocorticoid responsiveness by up-regulating glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and signaling. Somatostatin promoted a time...

Wagner, M., I. Hermanns, F. Bittinger, and C. J. Kirkpatrick. Induction of stress proteins in human endothelial cells by heavy metal ions and heat shock. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 21): L1026–L1033, 1999.—In the present study, we compared the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by heat and heavy metal ions in three different endothelial cell types, namely, human umbilical...

Is Low-Heat Shock Protein 70 a Primary or a Secondary Event in the Development of Atherosclerosis? Letter to the Editor: Pockley et al’s landmark observation that serum heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 levels predict the development of atherosclerosis1 prompts the question whether Hsp 70 is low as a result of atherosclerosis or the primary event leading to atherosclerosis. We believe an argument can...

All organisms respond to environmental, chemical and physiological stresses by enhanced synthesis of an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSPs) or stress proteins. Certain HSPs are also expressed constitutively during cell growth and development, and they function as molecular chaperones. The transcriptional regulation of hsp genes is mediated by the heat...

weight; CCKcholecystokinin; CCK1 and CCK2 receptors for gut peptides (CCK and/or gastrin) of type 1 (or A) and type 2 (or B), respectively; GI gastrointestinal; GIT gastrointestinal tract; GRP gut regulatory peptide; EU European Union; HSP heat shock protein; PACAP pituitary adenylate cyclaseactivating polypeptide; PP pancreatic polypeptide; PRPs proline-rich proteins; SI small intestine; VIP v...

The decision to undergo apoptosis lies in the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Since virus replication relies on the cellular machinery, viruses have evolved various strategies to alter this balance. They target the Bcl-2 and signaling protein kinase (PK) apoptosis modulatory families by encoding homologues or altering the expression of the cellular proteins. The heat shock pro...

Endemann M, Bergmeister H, Bidmon B, Boehm M, Csaicsich D, Malaga-Dieguez L, Arbeiter K, Regele H, Herkner K, Aufricht C. Evidence for HSP-mediated cytoskeletal stabilization in mesothelial cells during acute experimental peritoneal dialysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F47–F56, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00503.2005.—Low biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) injures mesothelia...

Mammalian tissues are always exposed to diverse threats from pathological conditions and aging. Therefore, the molecular systems that protect the cells from these threats are indispensable for cell survival. A variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cause intracellular damage and disturb homeostasis. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) positively regulates heat shock pro...

In all organisms, mild heat pretreatments induce tolerance to high temperatures. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such pretreatments strongly induce heat-shock protein (Hsp) 104, and hsp104 mutations greatly reduce high-temperature survival, indicating Hsp1O4 plays a critical role in induced thermotolerance. Surprisingly, however, a heat-shock transcription factor mutation (hsf1-m3) that ...

extremely low frequency (elf) and radio frequency (rf) electromagnetic field may affect biological systems by raising generation free radicals by decline activities of glutathione peroxidase dismutase or increase in the lifetime of free radicals with inhibited pretreatment of cells antioxidant like that alpha tocopherol. elf and  rf electromagnetic  field maycan damaged dna  with raising level ...