In this theoretical study, a conformational analysis was performed on short-sequence hypomurocin A peptides, in order to identify their characteristic structural properties. For each hypomurocin A molecule, not only the backbone conformations, but also the side-chain conformations were examined. The results indicated that certain tetrapeptide units could be characterized by types I and III β-tu...

Kappas (bacterial symbionts containing R bodies) have been studied in 16 strains of Paramecium aurelia, syngens 2 and 4. All produce toxins capable of killing sensitive paramecia. The first major class, the 51 group (consisting of the kappas of strains 51, 116, and 298), has R bodies which, when the pH is lowered below 6-5, unwind reversibly from the inside to form a tight tube; the outside end...

the objective of this study was to evaluate different pistachio hullers and determine the proper harvest time of pistachio nuts for hulling. three pistachio hulling machines (helical drum, helical- blade drum, rubber drum) at three harvest times and 15 days interval were evaluated. the hulling efficiency, percentage of damaged nuts, faulty hulled nuts and unhulled nuts were measured at each tim...