In this paper, a hybrid approach for solving the Laplace equation in general threedimensional (3-D) domains is presented. The approach is based on a local method for the Dirichletto-Neumann (DtN) mapping of a Laplace equation by combining a deterministic (local) boundary integral equation (BIE) method and the probabilistic Feynman–Kac formula for solutions of elliptic partial differential equat...

During the years 1899-1967, in temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, there has been a significant quasi-periodic fluctuation (hereafter denoted as periodicity) of about 16 yr. in the even minus odd (even-odd) year difference in sea level zonal geostrophic wind for the months January through May. No such periodicity is evident for the months July through November. For the winter and sp...

Recent simulations predicted that the stratospheric ozone layer will likely return to pre-1980 levels in the middle of the 21st century, as a result of the decline of ozone depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol. Since the ozone layer is an important component in determining stratospheric and tropospheric-surface energy balance, the recovery of stratospheric ozone may have significant...

The zonal winds on the surfaces of giant planets vary with latitude. Jupiter and Saturn, for example, have several bands of alternating eastward (prograde) and westward (retrograde) jets relative to the angular velocity of their global magnetic fields. These surface wind profiles are likely manifestations of the variations in depth and latitude of angular velocity deep within the liquid interio...

Abnormalities in large-scale brain networks have been recently reported in dyslexia; however, it remains unclear whether these abnormalities are congenital (due to dyslexia per se) or arise later in development. Here, structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 17 Chinese reading disabled (RD) and 17 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were used to construct cortical thickness (sen...

We report on surface-based analyses that enhance our understanding of human cortical organization, including its convolutions and its parcellation into many distinct areas. The surface area of human neocortex averages 973 cm(2) per hemisphere, based on cortical midthickness surfaces of 2 cohorts of subjects. We implemented a method to register individual subjects to a hybrid version of the Free...

[1] Surface temperatures were extracted from nighttime thermal infrared imagery of 167 large inland water bodies distributed worldwide beginning in 1985 for the months July through September and January through March. Results indicate that the mean nighttime surface water temperature has been rapidly warming for the period 1985–2009 with an average rate of 0.045 ± 0.011°C yr and rates as high a...

A comparison f Helios 1 and 2 observations of the interplanetary sector pattern in early 1976 with the maximum brightness curves in the K coronameter data at 1.5Rs hows that the latter may be identified with the footprints of the sector boundary surface to an accuracy of = 10 ø. The neutral line computed by Wilcox et al (1980) fror• a potential field model, using Mt. Wilson photospheric magneti...

5 Tropospheric circulation shifts have strong potential to impact surface climate. But the magnitude 6 of these shifts in a changing climate, and the attending regional hydrological changes, are difficult 7 to project. Part of this difficulty arises from our lack of understanding of the physical mechanisms 8 behind the circulation shifts themselves. In order to better delineate circulation shif...

A global ocean general circulation model (GCM) with idealized geometry (two basins of equal size, Marotzke and Willebrand, 1991) is coupled to an energy balance atmospheric model with nonlinear parameterizations of meridional atmospheric transports of heat and moisture. With the coupled model that prescribes the atmospheric heat and moisture transports, the North Atlantic meridional mass overtu...