BACKGROUND Interactions between mononuclear cells, vascular endothelium, fibroblasts, and cytokines during the inflammatory reaction within a granuloma have the potential to contribute to the progression to fibrosis. METHODS Biopsy specimens of six tuberculous and eight sarcoidosis skin lesions were examined by immunohistochemistry to seek evidence for the presence of inflammatory and fibroti...

The fear that schistosomes will become resistant to praziquantel (PZQ) motivates the search for alternatives to treat schistosomiasis. The antimalarials quinine (QN) and halofantrine (HF) possess moderate antischistosomal properties. The major metabolic pathway of QN and HF is through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Accordingly, this study investigates the effects of CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole (...

Granulomatous prostatitis is a rare inflammatory condition of prostate. The diagnosis of this entity continues to remain a clinical surprise for the treating urologist. They represent a clinical diagnostic dilemma as some of the cases mimic malignancy. The radiological findings and serum prostate specific antigen levels are nonspecific in their diagnosis. The definitive diagnosis can be establi...

A case of intramural sparganosis of jejunum presenting as intestinal obstruction is described. Resected intestine from a 48 year old man with acute abdomen revealed a degenerated sparganum in the submucosa with typical tissue reaction and extensive edema. The tissue reaction was basically granulomatous, consisting of layers of inner palisading histiocytes and outer mononuclear cell infiltration...

A 66-year-old man with postsigmoidectomy status for colon cancer received laparoscopic partial hepatectomy due to a hepatic mass with employing titanium clips were for a vascular clamp. Histological examination showed liver metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer. Twenty-nine months after the partial hepatectomy, a mass developed on the stump at the hepatic resection. Laparoscopic left lateral seg...

tuberculosis is an important opportunistic disease among hiv- infected persons worldwide; from march 1999 to feburery 2001 we had seventeen patients with hiv-infection and tuberculosis. here we are presenting the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of them. all of them were male, 11 patients had pulmonary and 5 patients had extrapulmonary (pleural effusion 1, hepatic granu...

chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is an inherited primary immunodeficiency disease which increases the body’ssusceptibility to infections caused by certain bacteria and fungi. cgd is a rare disease, caused by four genes, one type is 1xlinked and the other three are “autosomal recessive”. although clinical presentation is variable, but characteristic featuresare recurrent pneumonia, lymphadeni...

Abstract A 39-year-old male without any preceding medical ailment presented with 12 day history of fever followed by behavioral changes left sided weakness. He was found to have Herpes Simplex Virus-1 encephalitis (polymerase chain reaction positive) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging finding asymmetrical frontotemporoparietal (right side affected more than side) involvement patchy enhancement atyp...

Injection of pine pollen into the vitreous of guinea pigs previously sensitized with Freund's adjuvant and pine pollen intradernialhj and intraperitoneally restdted in a disseminated granulomatous inflammatory process involving the entire uveal tract. Moderate or large doses of steroids (2 to 8 mg. per kilogram per day of prednisolone) diminished the reaction when given 1 to 2 weeks after the c...

conclusion gm presents with a wide range of conventional radiological findings, hampering the diagnosis. in patients with inconclusive conventional findings, mri may assist in the differential diagnosis and assessment of the extent of disease. however, a definitive diagnosis and relevant treatment require histopathological confirmation. objectives the aim of this study was to review the radiolo...